tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27530646555176648642024-03-13T14:12:05.052-07:00Gamsat essay writingResearch Paper Topics On Death/Griefbarbaramille31http://www.blogger.com/profile/08650627542889118163noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2753064655517664864.post-17179691918551565052020-08-24T05:04:00.001-07:002020-08-24T05:04:05.136-07:00Research Proposal on Database Usability Issues Free EssaysThere are various sorts of database ease of use issues; you could discuss the issues that happen when a client sees a database framework . I. e. We will compose a custom article test on Research Proposal on Database Usability Issues or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now the client will see not the same as what the database contains. However, with ââ¬Å"the advance in plan of profoundly intuitive PC frameworks proceeds at an ever-expanding pace, with new improvements in equipment and programming being reported more much of the time than any time in recent memory. â⬠(Lawson, J. Yull, S. Anderson, H. Knott, G. Waites, N. 2005, pg 258) So with the expanding intuitive PC frameworks, inside this exploration proposition I am going to discuss the issues that a client may go over as augmented reality VR, graphical UI GUI and human PC connection/interface HCI. The point of this unit is to give a comprehension of the significance of VR, GUI and HCI in the improvement of easy to understand PC programming and to educate the peruser about the segments that might be engaged with these highlights. The Objectives that I need to accomplish is to characterize what is implied by the terms VR, GUI and HCI. I additionally need to show what applications utilize Virtual reality, Human Computer Interaction and Graphical User Interface. The inspiration I needed to pick the subject of database convenience issues was that I have found out about it previously and I felt certain that it is a region that I appreciated. It is smarter to expound on something that you appreciate, so then the peruser can feel the trust in the survey. It was additionally a subject I needed to look further into particularly the HCI factor. Inside this underlying writing audit I have taken a gander at various books and sites that I feel would help me in discoveries definitions for all ease of use highlights. I additionally took a gander at what applications utilize Virtual Reality, Human Computer Interaction and Graphical User Interface. As indicated by (http://searchcio-midmarket. techtarget. com/sDefinition/0,,sid183_gci213303,00. html# ) ââ¬Å"Virtual the truth is a counterfeit domain that is made with programming and introduced to the client so that the client suspends conviction and acknowledges it as a genuine situation. This implies the client will have a sentiment of having the option to enter a virtual world. The greater part of the current augmented experience situations are shown either on a PC screen, and a few reproductions even incorporate extra tangible data, for example, sound through speakers or earphone. All the highlights cause an imagine augmented reality world to appear to be genuine. ââ¬Å"The ut ilizes for computer generated reality are vast. It very well may be utilized for aviation authority, medication, amusement, office work and mechanical plan. In any case, alongside the great comes the awful. Computer generated Reality could likewise be utilized for ruinous purposes, for example, war and wrongdoing. â⬠(http://library. thinkquest. organization/26890/virtualrealityt. htm) So with having the splendid element of being submersed into an elective world, there can be drawbacks too. For instance I would state that gaming would be one of the most well known computer generated simulations, and in the news you likewise here about how games are taking over childrenââ¬â¢s lifeââ¬â¢s, and it is added to make kids stout. This is valid, however whenever utilized in the right way a VR can cause sentiment of fervor. GUI or Graphical User Interface would potentially be the illustrations that might be utilized to help make a virtual world. Galitz, W. (2007) likewise made a valid statement in saying that ââ¬Å"GUIs are taken a gander at regarding their segments, attributes, and preferences over the more seasoned content based frameworks. â⬠(Galitz, W. 2007) A splendid statement I feel was found on (http://searchwindevelopment. techtarget. com/sDefinition/0,,sid8_gci213989,00. tml). ââ¬Å"A GUI is a graphical (as opposed to absolutely literary) UI to a PC. As you read this, you are taking a gander at the GUIâ⬠. I love this statement on the grounds that itââ¬â¢s valid, I realize that there are no pictures or designs on this archive, however if you somehow happened to open this report on an internet browser this would be the graphical UI you would see. I for one feel that illustrations assume a significant job inside a program whether it is a site, database or introduction. I feel as though individuals perceive pictures before content. For instance on the off chance that we take a gander at YouTube, individuals naturally perceive recordings before perusing its title or portrayal. On a site your eye is attracted to a picture. So by having a program that joins top notch pictures, and possibly recordings, you will be getting the audienceââ¬â¢s consideration. HCI or Human Computer Interaction is a procedure that assesses the collaboration between the client and a program. For instance does the client exploit includes a program may have, do they use earphones when utilizing a program. Everything that is utilized to make a VR (augmented reality) or make GUI (graphical UI) is placed into play at HCI. As per (Dix, A. Finlay, J. Abowd, G. Beale, R. 2004) Human PC communication ââ¬Å"is the investigation of how individuals collaborate with PCs and to what degree PCs are or are not produced for effective cooperation with people. â⬠So HCI considers the two sides of the PCs clients. It sees things like the PC designs, working framework, and programming language and on the human side as indicated by (Cairns, P. Cox, A. 2008) ââ¬Å"communication hypothesis, realistic and mechanical structure disciplines, phonetics, sociology, subjective brain science, and human execution are pertinent. â⬠So for a program to consolidate great HCI, it could contain highlights, for example, mobile interfaces with pull-down menus, exchange books, check boxes, scroll bars and so on. By fusing highlights like these to a program the client will feel they have to a greater degree a co ntribution on what they are doing, this predominantly made by the way that the client will get the inclination that they are controlling what they do. In any case, as per (Preece, J. Rogers, Y. Sharp, H. Benyon, D. Holland, S. Carey, T. 1994) ââ¬Å"A decade prior, when our comprehension of HCI was increasingly restricted, numerous frameworks engineers may have felt that well meaning goals were the significant prerequisite for creating a viable HCI plan. â⬠However with the measure of changes that PCs have experienced in the previous decade, HCI is presently better than it at any point was. HCI these days is tied in with giving a client the opportunity to associate completely with a program whether it be a site, a game or a database and so on. With the fast increment in new advances and PCs now littler than any time in recent memory, with more applications accessible and further developed computer generated simulation encounters; we can just think about what else can the future hold. We have just changed to advanced photos, cell phones with GPRS, something that 20 years prior would have been snickered at. Indeed GUI has brought a significant jump into top quality. HCI has improved with the part of touch screens and remote consoles and so on, and Virtual Reality has even fanned out into the ergonomics area. It has delivered a seat that will get sound and vibrations from a program on a PC or TV. For instance in the event that you get shot at in a game, you will feel as though the slug is simply passing you ear and the vibrations enrapture you so you have an inclination that you in the genuine game. However, there is still a few inquiries that need addressed like: 1. Why hasnââ¬â¢t the progressions in HCI and GUI affect things like teletext? 2. I might likewise want to investigation into a gadget that has opened up in the most recent year and discover why it hasnââ¬â¢t been accessible previously. 3. I need to discover how far Virtual Reality can extend. 4. I might likewise want to know whether VR, HCI, GUI has majorly affected the stout offspring of Brittan. 5. What old individuals think about the adjustment in innovation today? 6. At long last I couldn't imagine anything better than to know how childhoods have changed throughout the years with increasingly more PC gadgets accessible. I would utilize the web for the most part to assemble my discoveries, however I would likewise look towards books and diaries. I would utilize web crawlers to assist me with responding to address one, and two. By doing this I could visit various locales that may offer me responses. I would likely use on-line discussions for question three and four, to hear an imminent on others thoughts. Be that as it may, for question four I would likewise utilize news sites to discover measurements assuming any. For question five I would possibly visit an old/retirement home, or convey polls planning to discover data that will assist me with responding to my inquiries, I would likewise utilize surveys for question six yet somewhat less perplexing perhaps. Just as the polls for question six I would likely go to a school and ask the messes with myself, to get a genuine reaction. To acquire answers from my examination I would design question six preceding school closes for summer, I would ask the children what they intend to accomplish for the mid year, and when they return in September I would ask similar children what they really did with the mid year. I would utilize a similar idea for question four, I would request authorization to perhaps observe various children weight and tallness before they left for summer, and after they come back from that point break I would gauge and measure similar children to work out if the mid year has been a functioning one. Everything else I feel has no significant surge yet perhaps for question three I would observe the most excellent Virtual Reality framework there is accessible now and in a half year I would check in the event that it has been improved any. REFERNCES Cairns, P. Cox, A. (2008) Research Methods for Human-Computer Interaction Dix, A. Finlay, J. Abowd, G. Beale, R. (2004) Human-Computer Interaction Galitz, W. (2007) The fundamental manual for UI plan Lawson, J. Yull, S. Anderson, H. Knott, G. Waites, N. (2005) BTEC National Study Guide: IT Practitioners Preece, J. Rogers, Y. Sharp, H. Benvon, D. Hol barbaramille31http://www.blogger.com/profile/08650627542889118163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2753064655517664864.post-21596044150916956362020-08-22T00:35:00.001-07:002020-08-22T00:35:23.773-07:00Salesforce Case Study1 . How does Salesforce. com use distributed computing? Salesforce. com use clound processing programming as a help . Numerous points of interest and detriments accompany utilizing the product as-an administration model. A portion of the preferences include: Automatic updates-This implies the client will consistently be getting the most recent adaptation of the product, with no new downloads required. No introduces You donââ¬â¢t need to stress over introducing programming onto any of the PCs. This leaves less space for similarity issues for PCs. Typically on the off chance that you utilize a standard internet browser, more than likely you will have the option to utilize the administration. Minimal effort The forthright expense of distributed computing is little. The client can space the installments out over some stretch of time, paying regularly scheduled installments. Doing this maintains a strategic distance from any huge forthright expenses. There are additionally inconveniences of utilizing this model. These include: Security issues-Since programming as-an administration isn't run legitimately by the organization utilizing it, it is conceivable that the data can be seen and spilled by other people who run the program. Online association An online association is expected to run the framework. Accordingly in the event that you are some place without network access, you will be not able to utilize the program. Progressing installments Ongoing installments are important to prop the administration up. Dissimilar to customary programming where you just compensation one installment to introduce it, on the off chance that you donââ¬â¢t pay for the administrations your record will be shutoff. 2. How does Salesforce. com use distributed computing? AnsSalesforce has run over a few difficulties all through its development. One of these difficulties is rivalry from new organizations needing to recreate Salesforce and furthermore from customary modern pioneers. A couple of these contenders incorporates Microsoft, SAP, Oracle, and littler organizations, for example, NetSuite. Another test for Salesforce is choosing if it ought to extend its business into different territories. Starting at now, Salesforce is utilized essentially by deals staff to monitor leads and client records. Salesforce has shaped an organization with Google to ideally extend practically. A third test for Salesforce is its accessibility. It has periodic blackouts, causing organizations that rely upon Salesforce to be accessible 27/7 to reconsider their use as programming as an assistance. Salesforce is striving to defeat these difficulties. They are giving a valiant effort to stay aware of contenders and to extend their business. They are additionally giving apparatuses to guarantee trustworthiness to their customers about the frameworks dependability. They are offering an application that permits clients to work disconnected, which is a major favorable position on the off chance that an individual can't have web access and needs to utilize the framework. 3. What sorts of organizations could profit by changing to Salesforce and why? Ans. Pretty much any organization could profit by changing to Salesforce. com. Salesforce is an extraordinary route for organizations to monitor records and data. Pretty much every organization needs a spot to have the option to deal with these sorts of things. Salesforce gives organizations a solitary spot to store all their data and must be gotten to by approved workers. 4. What elements would you consider in concluding whether to utilize Saleforce. com for your business? One of the variables I would think about when choosing if I would utilize Salesforce for my business is its unwavering quality. On the off chance that my organization made some harsh memories with its network access, at that point I most likely wouldnââ¬â¢t use Salesforce, taking into account that web access is a necessity. I would likewise decide whether my organization would have the cash to ceaselessly pay for the program. I would consider its security issues and how that could influence my business. I would likewise consider how no establishment is required. This implies itââ¬â¢s one less programming I need to download on my PC to back it off and occupy extra space. I believe this to be a huge favorable position to utilizing Salesforce. 5. Could an organization maintain its whole business utilizing Salesforce. com, Force. com, and App Exchange? Clarify your answer. Truly, an organization could maintain its whole business utilizing Salesforce. com and App Exchange. From what I have seen on the Salesforce. com site, it can suit organizations procedures, for example, deals, advertising, account, assembling, and HR. At the point when I looked into all the changed applications on App Exchange, I saw that there are applications for pretty much everything. Applications can bolster errands, for example, messaging, making reports, and e-marks. Between Salesforce. com and App Exchange, an organization has all things needed to effectively maintain a business. barbaramille31http://www.blogger.com/profile/08650627542889118163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2753064655517664864.post-3562923467026726442020-07-17T14:49:00.001-07:002020-07-17T14:49:02.204-07:00How Generalized Anxiety Disorder Affects RelationshipsHow Generalized Anxiety Disorder Affects Relationships GAD Coping Print Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Your Relationships By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on March 10, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 25, 2019 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Carey Kirkella/The Image Bank/Getty Images Individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are known to experience impairment in various aspects of their lives, including relationships with relatives, friends, and partners.?? If you live with GAD, you may be prone to marital distress and be at greater risk of divorce.?? More so, problems in your relationships could spell trouble in terms of treatmentâ"those with impairments in these areas generally dont respond as well to treatment over the long term. While you may worry a lot about your family, friends, coworkers, and others, you may use negative strategies to cope with this worry. Over time, this can erode the very relationships you are working so hard to maintain. Common Relationship Problems for People With Generalized Anxiety Disorder Overall, common problems people with generalized anxiety disorder may experience include: Having few relationshipsHaving difficulty attending to others needs (because you are too wrapped up in your own anxiety)Difficulty expressing how you are feelingFeeling fearful or defensive in romantic relationshipsAvoiding doing things with others out of fear (e.g., going on a vacation, trying something new)Having trouble feeling joy and happiness with others (because you are worried all the time)Being impatient with othersFeeling suspicious or lacking self-confidence; checking up on others too frequently; needing reassurance from othersBeing irritable with others or overly critical of themOverreacting to situations and making others feel uncomfortableHaving a tendency to end relationships out of fearFeeling dependent on or clingy toward othersFeeling insecure, which leads to fear and doubt about others intentions Tips to Overcome GAD Issues in Relationships You can teach yourself to avoid relationship problems by doing the following: Practice living in the moment by taking a course in mindfulnessTake a mindfulness break before voicing an anxious thoughtAllow yourself to be uncomfortable when you know anxiety is holding you back if it is stopping you from spending time doing things you want to do with friends, relatives, or romantic partners. The uncomfortable feelings will lessen the more you face these situations.Do something with others that makes you laugh to relieve anxietyGo easy on other people when you feel anxiety is controlling your behaviorTalk about problems instead of remaining silent and letting your anxiety spiral out of controlTake the perspective of your friends, relatives, and significant other and understand their behavior from their point of viewTell others about your diagnosis of GAD if your behavior has had an effect on themThink twice before burning a bridge with someone; is anxiety fueling your behavior?Ask those around you for their supportSeek the help of a therapist if you have not alre ady done soBuild your communication skills by taking courses or reading self-help books Research on GAD and Relationships Childrens Friendships and GAD In a 2011 study of the interpersonal functioning of children (aged 6 to 13) with GAD (compared to those with SAD and controls), It was found that although kids with GAD had relatively few friends, they were just as likely as kids without the disorder to have a best friend and take part in groups and clubs, and had similar ratings of social competence by their parents.?? This indicates that generalized anxiety disorder in childhood is not necessarily related to problems in relationships with friends. More so, it suggests that problems in the relationships of adults with GAD are the result of poor coping strategies that evolve over timeâ"and that could be reversed. Marriage and GAD A 2007 study about generalized anxiety disorder and entry into marriage/long-term partner relationships using data from the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) showed that those with GAD were just as likely to enter into marriage.?? This suggests that people with GAD are not impaired in finding a mate, but may struggle later with marital problems. If you are married with GAD, anticipate that there may be struggles in your relationship and that couples therapy may be of help. A 2011 study found a correlation between anxiety in married women and their relationships with their husbands. In fact, the study authors noted, the women tended to feel their husbands played some part in their anxiety by either making it worse or making it better.?? Interaction Styles of People With GAD In a 2011 study of case histories of individuals receiving psychotherapy for GAD, how people displayed their worries varied depending on how they interacted with others.?? The researchers discovered four interactive styles among those with GAD: IntrusiveColdNonassertiveExploitable Each of these styles manifested their worries in different ways. For example, a person who was worried about the safety of someone might call that person every five minutes (intrusive) while someone else might say nothing and silently worry themselves sick (nonassertive).?? This means that the same worry can affect relationships in different ways and therapy for generalized anxiety disorder should target these different styles of interacting. A Word From Verywell GAD can affect relationships in different ways. If you are experiencing distress in relationships with friends, family, or a significant other, know that its normal and that research has been done on the connection. If it is impairing your daily functioning, seek the help of your family doctor or mental health professional to determine the best course of action in the context of your GAD diagnosis. Learning how to cope positively will benefit both you and your relationships in the long run. barbaramille31http://www.blogger.com/profile/08650627542889118163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2753064655517664864.post-21639530963167291082020-05-21T16:59:00.001-07:002020-05-21T16:59:05.011-07:00Biography Of Jeffrey Leonard Resected A Brain Tumor On December 23, 2014, neurosurgeon Jeffrey Leonard resected a brain tumor in a ten year old girl that was previously thought to be inoperable. Although it took two operations, due to modern technology and education Dr. Leonard was successful. The girl fully recovered from surgery and was awake and responsive the next morning. Modern surgeonsââ¬â¢ knowledge of the human brain has evolved immensely through the ages. The first brain surgeons did not have anywhere near the knowledge that we possess today, but it is because of them that the current treatment of neurological problems is so advanced. Doctors can now perform advanced procedures such as the resection of tumors and clipping of aneurysms all while a patient is numbed and unconscious when previously treatment was a painful shot in the dark. Neurosurgery has evolved not only through extensive research of anatomy and a change in religious perspective, but came hand in hand with the development of anesthetics and the worldââ¬â ¢s major advancements in radiology and imaging. Neurosurgery is set apart from every other field because it pertains to the most important part of the body: the brain. If a personââ¬â¢s entire body works perfectly with the exclusion of the brain, that person will still never be able to function normally. There is a wide variety of neurological defects that can arise in any one of us including aneurysms, tumors, nerve damage, and strokes. (__) The sheer fragility of our minds demands highly skilled surgeons to fix barbaramille31http://www.blogger.com/profile/08650627542889118163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2753064655517664864.post-30624859726874115482020-05-06T23:34:00.001-07:002020-05-06T23:34:04.585-07:00The Strength Based Approach Is A Traditional And... 5.1 Problem solving approach is a traditional and foundational aspect of general social work practice. It is based on identifying a problem or set of problems facing a client, and formulating a framework of possible options with the hope of fixing the problem or improving the situation. Although the worker may guide the client and inform them of the possibilities and options available, the client is still solely responsible for their own choices and actions. The formal application of this principle is the definition, assessment, setting of goals, intervention and resolution. The strength based approach is a groundbreaking concept that has changed the paradigm of problem solving within social work. Instead of focusing on the trials, problems and adversity that face a consumer. We acknowledge the difficulty, we do not underestimate it or belittle it, yet we try and change the focus of the situation and outlook of the individual, to focus on their skills, achievements, qualities, gifts and strengths. The goal of the strength based approach is to empower the individual, based on their past successes and to aid them in utilizing this strength to progress in a positive manner. We try to break the paradigm of defining the client by their faults or weaknesses. We as a society place names and labels on everything, we define our world and the people around us using this convention. However marginalized people often carry labels with crippling stigma attached to them, drugShow MoreRelatedProblem Solving And Strengths Based Approach1378 Words à |à 6 Pages5.1 Contrasting a Problem Solving and Strengths Based Approach: Problem solving approach is a traditional and foundational aspect of general Social Work practice. It is based on identifying a problem or set of problems facing a client and formulating a framework of possible options with the hope of fixing the problem or improving the situation. 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The huge ethical considerations that have emerged out of this case for me is to be culturally competent. ââ¬Å"Social workers should continue to obtain education about and seek to understand the nature of social diversity and oppression with respect to race, ethnicity, national origin, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, or expression, age, marital status, barbaramille31http://www.blogger.com/profile/08650627542889118163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2753064655517664864.post-8664755153623515812020-05-06T08:13:00.001-07:002020-05-06T08:13:29.374-07:00What Positive Steps Free Essays If you ask anybody what positive steps will you take to tackle climate change? Moreover everyoneââ¬â¢s answer would be ââ¬Å"What will happen if only I start taking positive steps to tackle climate change? First let someone start then I will also start;â⬠Friends this is wrong. To start anything the steps should be taken by us but we will wait till others start and others do the same. Whatââ¬â¢s the first thing that comes in your mind when you hear about climate change? Answer is Global Warming or Rising Temperature. We will write a custom essay sample on What Positive Steps or any similar topic only for you Order Now Global warming is one of the main reasons of climate change. Rising sea level, drought and Increasing temperature are the cause of climate change. And the one who suffers It are we and nature. And the main reason for it is human activities. What positive steps can you take to tackle climate change? There are many ways to do so like using renewable resources, using solar light, windmill, etc. The first way Is very simple and easy. The way Is traveling small distances by cycle instead of scooter/car. These reduce the use of forest fuel like terror which is getting lesser and lesser day by day. We should also save petrol for future generations. We can also travel by public transport. Traveling by public transport could reduce the use of fuel by individual four or two wheelers. Some people feel uncomfortable in public transport. The recent launched car/bus by which run on hydrogen rather than petrol is also one way. The second thing I or we can do is save energy in the form of electricity. Day by day energy resources are getting scarce. The thing you or I can do is finish your work in daytime when there is natural eight given by sun, so there Is less use of artificial light. Another thing that we can do Is when there Is no need of electric appliances Like computer, bulbs, lights, fans, T. V. ââ¬Ës etc. Just donââ¬â¢t forget to turn It off. Also In summer at night when you go to sleep Just open the windows rather than turning on the A. C. ââ¬Ës, so there Is natural air, electricity is conserved and pollution of air by A. C. Will not happen. The next boy is, to use 3 magical Orââ¬â¢s. Reuse, Reduce and Recycle. They are the most common topics when we start talking about climate change. 1. Reuse Reuse the thing which you have used once like plastic, bottles, plastic bags, glass bottles, etc. These are the materials which are very harmful to the climate. 2. Reduce Reduce the use of non- biographer waste like things made up of plastic. They take 100 of years to decompose. In the dump yard they Just burn it to finish it up. By burning It very poisonous smoke is formed which can harm the climate and human beings. 3. Recycle After using the things once never throw It If It can be recycled. We can put things Like bottle in the bottle bank. NAS into save-a-can and give paper to the person who ND I can take is the one most people in the word have ignored. That is being vegetarian. Friends, at least we can be vegetarian we could reduce 51% of greenhouse gases. The step is weird and simple but very powerful. Going vegetarian indirectly reduce deforestation. Non-vegetarian people are the cause of 1/3rd deforestation of grass in the word. They cut forest for grazing animals and to make them health in order to produce good meat. Meat industry produces more carbon dioxide then all wordââ¬â¢s cars and rare planes. Also being vegetarian could expand our fife by 15 years, and could protect us from diseases like Swine Flu and Bird Flu. In you and l, some people are farmers. So the next point is for them. People which are farmers amongst ââ¬Ëusââ¬â¢ should use. New methods of irrigation by which the use of water would become less and also should take interest in soil conservation for growing good crops and not letting a place become drought affected by making embankments, dress and forestation. So readers think that we should not wait for anyone to get on, instead we take a real step forward to save our mother planet. How to cite What Positive Steps, Papers barbaramille31http://www.blogger.com/profile/08650627542889118163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2753064655517664864.post-43876854405574470142020-04-25T15:45:00.001-07:002020-04-25T15:45:04.768-07:00Yemen Oil Market Analysis Essay ExampleYemen Oil Market Analysis Essay Yemenââ¬â¢s economy, much like all the economies in the Middle East, relies heavily on oil exports.à Determining the politics of the region requires first a study in the production figures of Yemeni oil and the crude oil exports and petroleum imports.à In order to fully understand the politics of the region, it is beneficial to include other surrounding countries in the comparison. Yemen is a country situated in the Middle East and is attempting to become a worldwide leader in an economic setting.à The current economy of Yemen relies heavily on oil production, and it can be calculated that if oil production was non-existent in the country, the wealth of the country would fall further and possibly make the country one of the poorest countries in the world (World Fact Book).à The GDP of Yemen demonstrates how even though oil production is a major source of wealth in the country; it still is considered a fairly poor country.à The current figures of Yemenââ¬â¢s GDP are $22.74 billion (in dollars after the exchange rate), which makes Yemen number 85 in the world as far as GDP numbers (World Fact Book). We will write a custom essay sample on Yemen Oil Market Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Yemen Oil Market Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Yemen Oil Market Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Comparing Yemen to the entire world is not an accurate depiction.à To garner a greater perception of Yemenââ¬â¢s situation, it is essential to discuss Yemen in terms of their position alongside other countries in the Middle East region.à The table below displays Yemenââ¬â¢s oil production in relation to Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, Kuwait, Oman, and Bahrain.à This table represents how Yemen is in a fairly impressive position when compared to other major oil producers in the area.à Other countries have been producing oil for many years before Yemen, which means Yemen has made some progress in their production capabilities in recent years. Table: ââ¬Å"Production of Oil in Middle East Countries as of 2005 (in thousands)â⬠Yemen Qatar Saudi Arabia UAE Kuwait Oman Bahrain Production (bbls/day) 402 95 2,000 2,540 333 740 184 Source: IEA Understanding Yemenââ¬â¢s profits from oil and Yemenââ¬â¢s use of oil-based products is important when attempting to identify the strengths and weaknesses of Yemenââ¬â¢s economy.à The following table below displays Yemenââ¬â¢s oil exports and oil imports in barrels per day. Table: ââ¬Å"Yemen Oil Exports and Oil Imports as of 2004 (in bbl per day)â⬠Petroleum Exports Petroleum Imports Barrels Per Day 320,600 58,100 Source: World Fact Book One important finding from the table above is that Yemen has greater exports than imports.à Actually the amounts are nearly six times more exports than imports, which denotes the fact that Yemen is maintaining a great export market and not risking that market to meet domestic petroleum needs. 3.1.1 Political Factors Yemenââ¬â¢s current oil production is in a transition.à Currently, Yemen has an aging refinery and a more recent refinery that is supplying crude production capabilities.à Yemenââ¬â¢s dependence on foreign companies for oil services also contributes to the idea of attempting to find new sources.à A look into Yemenââ¬â¢s governmental control over oil demonstrates how the government is attempting to have at least minimal contacts within every facet of oil production and exportation. Yemen currently has two main refineries in which to conduct their oil marketing.à The Aden and Marib refineries compose the entire refined production capabilities for the country.à The Aden refinery is the oldest refinery in Yemen and was constructed by British Petroleum in 1952 and later acquired by the Yemeni government in 1977 (Yemeni Times Staff).à The Marib refinery is the most recent production facility online for Yemen (Yemeni Times Staff).à A real comparison of the two refineries is needed in order to denote production capabilities and compare the old style to the new style of oil refining.à The Aden refinery produces 120,000 barrels per day as of 2005 (Yemeni Times Staff).à The Marib refinery currently produces 10,000 barrels per day (EIA).à These two figures represent the advancement in technology that Yemen has experienced from the meager beginnings to the current production capabilities seen in the Aden refinery. Reliance of foreign companies is rampant in Yemen.à In particular, Yemen relies heavily on Hunt Oil and Nexen to procure exploration, production, and exportation.à Both of these companies have conducted exploration for years in Yemen, production facilities such as refineries, and exportation in the form of pipeline construction across the country (EIA).à Yemenââ¬â¢s reliance on foreign companies is in direct contrast to their governmental control over resources in the country.à Yemen does employ many private companies to produce and export their oil, but they still maintain control over these companies by either granting or denying land to drill in the form of concessions and by constructing production-sharing agreements (Oil and Gas Author).à The production-sharing agreements ensure the Yemeni government will get a share of the oil resources found in the country by mandating a large percentage of the royalties from the exportation of crude oil from the country to f oreign markets (Oil and Gas Author).à The current situation in Yemen is a strange dichotomy where much reliance on foreign entities is needed, but Yemen still maintains control to a great extent. 3.1.2 Domestic Production of Crude Oil Yemenââ¬â¢s current status in the world as a Middle East oil producer is comparable to other countries in the region.à Investigating Yemenââ¬â¢s current production and known reserves assists economists in determining Yemenââ¬â¢s leverage in oil production. Yemen is a non-OPEC oil producer and as such is ranked number 34 in the world for total production of oil (EIA).à As stated in the table from section 3.1, Yemen is in a fairly average position in terms of oil production in terms of 402,000 barrels per day as compared to neighboring countries (IEA).à Yemenââ¬â¢s current position in comparison to its neighbors appears to possibly be at a peak due to Yemenââ¬â¢s shrinking oil reserves.à The table below displays key dates where Yemenââ¬â¢s oil reserves have slowly declined starting with 100% reserves in the 1950s after the introduction of the first refinery, to a key pivot point in 2003, and finally to a point in 2012. Table: ââ¬Å"Reserve Depletion in Yemenâ⬠Source: Thirumalai nbsp; The table demonstrates that in 2003, depletion of reserves became 2/3 of the total reserves originally present in the 1950s.à The table also displays how in 2012 the total reserves will be depleted and Yemen will not have any proved reserves left. 3.1.3 Domestic Consumption of Petroleum Products Domestic markets within Middle East countries do exist.à An unusual figure is the amount of domestic use of petroleum products in Yemen.à The main uses of these products involve energy markets.à Yemenââ¬â¢s two main refineries attempt to fulfill a majority of the domestic demand for petroleum products. The demand for petroleum products in Yemen is not much different from other countries around the world that currently do not supply a major amount of the worldââ¬â¢s energy.à Yemen is in a beneficial position where the country produces a certain amount of petroleum products and the country as a whole uses less than what is produced by their production facilities.à The table below demonstrates the production of gasoline/diesel as well as residual fuel oil, and further displays the domestic consumption of these products. TABLE: ââ¬Å"Production and Consumption of Gasoline/Diesel and Residual Fuel Oil (in tons)â⬠Gasoline/Diesel Residual Fuel Oil Production 959,000 399,000 Imports 1,555,000 1,143,000 Domestic Supply 2,449,000 1,082,000 Net Available for Export 65,000 460,000 Source: IEA As the table above suggests, Yemen has 65,000 tons of gasoline/diesel available for export after the country fulfills its domestic needs.à Yemen utilizes importing to fulfill some of its domestic consumption needs because the two refineries they currently have presumably do not have the capacity to quench the domestic consumption.à The table above shows that domestic production is much lower than the imports of the noted petroleum products.à Compared to domestic supply, Yemen still contains some amount available for exporting due to differing production schedules (IEA).à This allows Yemen to derive some benefit from their resources through lowered imports for domestic consumption.à Currently, the Marib and Aden refineries supply all of the gasoline/diesel and residual fuel oil for domestic consumption and export. 3.1.4 Price Controls and Petroleum Product Subsidies Yemen maintains tight control over petroleum product prices.à Global pressures have caused Yemen to rethink their pricing policies.à The effects of price controls and subsidies have different impacts on the overall budget of the country. nbsp; nbsp; 3.2.3 Oil Field Licensing Blocks and Operating Companies Currently the Yemeni government is offering concessions for oil production to meet efficient production standards.à The major players in concession management are well established already within the companyââ¬â¢s domestic production market.à However, Yemen realizes the economics of the situation and identifies the need for new concessions in order to establish a greater quantity of bids from a greater variety of companies willing to explore and produce in the country. The types of concessions developed by Yemen displays how oil reserves are found all around the country.à In order to fully understand the intricate development of the oil producing regions, it is essential to first identify the major players already established within the country.à Currently the major producers of oil that have enlisted many of the concessions blocks in the country are Canadian Nexen, Safer EP Operation Company, Total EP Yemen, Jannah Hunt, Dove Energy, DNO, Occidental, Calvally, VICOM, and OMV (EIA).à The Energy Information Administration identifies the fact that Yemen employs numerous and varied companies from different regions and locales.à Since the main companies participating in the concessions have been established, it is helpful to understand exactly what types of concessions these companies have rights to as well as what regions the concessions can be found.à The table below will display the companies already identified above as well as the co ncession blocks they control and what regions those concession blocks are found.à Also included in the table are the area size, year starting the concession, the accumulated oil production thus far, the average daily production of the particular concession, and the number of fields found within the concession. Table: ââ¬Å"Concession size, region, name, production, and company rightsâ⬠Block Name Region Company Area (km) Start Year Accum. Oil Prod. (mm bll) Avg. Daily Prod. (bpd) Number of Fields Marib (18) Marib Safer EP Operation Co. 8,479 1986 984.15 66,645 14 Masila (14) Hadhrmout Canadian Nexen 1,257 1993 936.81 134,161 16 East Shabwah (10) Hadhrmout TOTAL EP Yemen 964 1997 84.56 42,000 3 Jannah (5) Shabwah Jannah HUNT 280 1996 156.56 43,677 5 East SAAR (53) Hadhrmout DOVE Energy 474 2001 31.76 10,032 1 Hwarim (32) Hadhrmout DNO 592 2000 28.94 14,258 1 Damis (S1) Shabwah Occidental 1,156 2004 7.97 9,548 2 East Al ââ¬â Hajr (51) Hadhrmout Canadian Nexen 2,004 2004 17.64 19,129 2 South Hwarim (43) Hadhrmout DNO 2,026 2005 4.16 7,484 1 Malik (9) Hadhrmout Calvally 3,530 2006 1.38 4,226 3 W. Ayad (4) Shabwah VICOM 1,998 1987 9.35 129 3 Al ââ¬â Uqlah (S2) Shabwah OMV 2,100 2006 3,000 3 Source: EIA The concession of Al-Uqlah is currently not experiencing accumulated production, but is included because it is in the same region as the Jannah, Damis, and W. Ayad blocks.à Also, the Al-Uqlah block is already experiencing values for daily production in the 3,000 barrels per day range.à It can be presumed that this area will experience accumulated production soon due to the readily producing blocks found in that region and after the block has some time to further produce.à The table above also demonstrates that the length of time the concession began and the acreage covered by the concession will contribute some to the overall production of the concession, but smaller concessions with less time also have produced high numbers in terms of production capacities.à It is important to note that the major blocks in play are situated around three distinct regions, which further emphasizes that Yemen is concentrating production within a smaller sample of their countryââ¬â¢s are a, but also emphasizes the idea that Yemen has some room to grow. Yemen has created many different concession areas, but currently the concessions that are having activity lie in only certain specific areas.à A concession map that is current as of February 2008 displays how Yemen is concentrating on production within only certain areas.à Below Source: PEPA: ââ¬Å"Concession Mapâ⬠nbsp; The concession map listed previously displays the producing areas or the areas that currently have active exploration.à The white areas are concessions that do not have production or active exploration.à The fact that many white areas exist on the map demonstrates that the government currently has many concessions up for bid, but it is also useful to discuss the concessions created and up for bid since 2003 to better understand Yemenââ¬â¢s concentration on further development.à As of right now there are a total of 87 concession blocks, 12 total producing blocks used by 11 companies, 26 blocks in the exploratory phase currently being explored by 16 companies, 7 blocks awaiting approval, and a total of 34 open blocks (PEPA: ââ¬Å"Concession Mapâ⬠).à These figures represent the stationary aspect of the concession leases and production, but also represent the prospects of growth that Yemen is attempting to exploit.à Problems with companies have existed throughout the years, and a majority of activity revolved around the recent 2000 decade.à In 2005 the Yemeni government terminated the Hunt Oil concession on Block 18 and instead gave the block to Safer Exploration and Production Operations Company despite the promise to Hunt to renew the lease on Block 18 (EIA).à This is an example of one of the many disputes and competitive actions that companies conduct for the Yemen concessions.à Other concession member companies have expressed interest in covering Huntââ¬â¢s production, which is in reaction to Huntââ¬â¢s dissatisfaction with the Yemeni government.à For instance, in 2005 the government was considering replacing Hunt with Premier Oil and the Yemen Oil Company specifically to combat the allegations surrounding Block 18 (Oil and Gas Author).à This conflict shows how the Yemen government does not want to use up time consulting existing oil companies if they do not wish to create a more harmonious relationship.à This als o signifies how Yemen is in a constant state of expansion whereby new partnerships and alliances will replace non-working partnerships in order to speed up production.à One of the more recent concessions involved the Iyad (Block 4) where Yemen awarded this concession to Koreaââ¬â¢s KNOC (Oil and Gas Author).à Block 4 has yet to create any sizeable production as seen from the previous table concerning the concession productions, but the grant signifies Yemenââ¬â¢s acceptance of more diversity within the domestic oil production market.à The year 2005 experienced a dramatic increase in concession awards to a variety of companies, and these concessions are either producing or experiencing planning time before production may commence.à The following results from the 2005 bidding are as follows: ââ¬Å"Oil Search (Blocks 7 and 74), Al Thani (Blocks 34, 37 and 55), and Occidental (Block 75)â⬠(Oil and Gas Author).à A huge block was discovered to contain a large am ount of oil resources in 2003, which induced the Yemeni government to create a grouping of companies that will assist in the production of the oil rich block.à In 2003 a Canadian company called Calvalley made the oil discovery and the Yemeni government granted Calvalley, Reliance Industries and Hoodoil a license to develop Block 9 through 2025 (Oil and Gas Author).à The exploration was maintained throughout the years of 2003 and onward, which presented Yemen with more opportunities for granting bids on more concessions.à In 2004, Yemen granted a consortium of DNO and Transglobal Energy the rights to exploration of Block 72 (Oil and Gas Author).à Older bids that established this growth in concession building occurred in 2001.à OMV, Cepsa, and PanCanadian were granted production contracts for Block 60 (Oil and Gas Author).à As of today no sizeable production has occurred in this block according to the concession table and map, but these grants opened the door for fut ure production expansion for the country. à More current concessions are currently up for bid which attempt to expand the reach of production to include offshore areas as well as other land-based areas in the country.à The oil ministry recently Announced the Fourth International Bid Round for Offshore Exploration and Production. This round is targeting eleven offshore blocks, namely: Kamaran (22), Hodaidah (23), South Balhaf (46), Midi (55), South Mosinaââ¬â¢ah (61), Atab (62), South Nashtun (63), Raââ¬â¢s Mume (93), Abd Al Kuri (94), Samhah (95), and South Raââ¬â¢s Mume (96) (EIA). nbsp; These areas represent the newest concessions that entrenched companies as well as any new companies wishing to conduct production in Yemen can bid on.à These bids will be granted to the highest bidder and are an attempt to create a more progressive society for Yemen.à The new blocks are of interest to many oil companies throughout the world.à For example, a conference for the new blocks commenced where ââ¬Å"40 big oil firms [attended] including Shell, British Petroleum, Exxon Mobil, Oxy, Nexen, Oil Search and CCCâ⬠(Yemen Observer).à The attractiveness of Yemen has been enhanced by the earlier production sharing agreements and concession bids. The two major producers within Yemen are Nexen and Hunt, and these two companies currently hold major concessions in the country.à Nexen is a Canadian company that has been producing oil in Yemen for many years.à Nexen first created a presence in Yemen in 1993 when they were granted a concession in Masilaà (Block 14) and began production that same year (Ford, 44).à Nexen had created a presence in Yemen early, which has assisted in further exploration projects and concession bids.à Yemen has had a long relationship with Nexen, which has created a trustful relationship whereby both the country and the company have benefited.à Nexenââ¬â¢s most recent Masila and East Al Hajr production in 2007 has had remarkable results and has become a major portion of the companyââ¬â¢s total production.à In 2007, Nexen had produced a total 71,600 barrels of oil per day in the two Yemen concessions, which represents over 28% of Nexenââ¬â¢s overall production as a company (F ord, 44).à Nexen is experiencing substantial production growth due to their relationship with Yemen.à Nexen is also fortunate to have Yemen as a partner in production because the oil that remains in their concession blocks has bolstered their proved reserves.à Proved reserves are oil reserves that have already been explored and confirmed as being present within a given area, but have not yet been produced and procured from the ground (Mackenzie, 48).à Nexen has increased their total proved reserves by 4% by utilizing the concessions they control in Yemen (Ford, 44).à Nexenââ¬â¢s exposure in Yemen is considered one of the greatest single exposures of a company in a Middle East country.à Nexen has established their presence so much in Yemen that they are the largest project holder in the country (Ford, 44).à Nexenââ¬â¢s development in Yemen has flourished due to the relationship between the two entities that was established in 1993 and continues to this day. à Hunt Oil is another company with a very large control over certain concessions in Yemen.à Hunt Oil uses a subsidiary called Jennah Hunt Oil to control the oil concession they currently hold.à Hunt maintains Block 5 with a 15% interest and averages over 45,500 barrels per day from the production (Ford, 45).à The cumulative oil produced in 2006 from Block 5 production was in excess of 158 million barrels (Ford, 45).à In 2007 Hunt was mainly concerned with calculations for production as well as estimates of whether or not drilling of more wells would produce enough oil to garner the task.à 2007 saw Hunt drill production wells at the Dhahab field and an additional two wells in the Halewah field have been granted for drilling (Ford, 45).à Hunt has experienced significant growth in technology associated with deciding the viability of certain areas of increased exploration.à The company has conducted reservoir simulation studies intended to determine drilling and capacity requirements that may be needed in the future concerning their Block 5 concession (Ford, 45).à Hunt Oil has had some complications with their relationship with Yemen, but has continued to exploit their concession to the fullest position possible.à The introduction of research on greater capacity and drilling denotes a step toward expanding their production in Block 5.à Hunt Oil and Nexen are two very different companies in their Yemeni participation as well as origin, but have created a majority of production in the country. Nexen and Hunt Oil command two of the largest pipelines for transporting crude oil in Yemen.à Hunt Oil was the first company to begin exploration in Yemen, and because of this fact was the first company to assist the Yemeni government in construction of the first major oil pipeline.à First, Hunt Oil constructed the Mareb refinery, which was later handed over to the Yemeni Oil Refinery Company, but introduced the pipeline to the world (Haifi).à Hunt created all of this construction within a relatively short time period.à During the years of 1986-1987, Hunt Oil and the Yemeni government conducted a construction of a pipeline that would run from the Mareb basin and down to the Red Sea (Haifi).à The construction project was a complicated procedure for an oil company, but was considered unbelievable in the industry.à The pipeline consisted of 437 km of piping that traveled over mountains and to a final port, which is considered one of the most difficult and largest const ruction projects ever in the world (Haifi).à The flow of the oil relays to the refinery and ultimately ends at a transport terminal in the Red Sea.à Hunt Oil and the Yemeni government proposed and created a floating terminal that is connected to the pipeline in the Red Sea where all of the oil from the Mareb basin is fed (Haifi).à Hunt Oil helps in the maintaining of the pipeline and operates much of the pipeline infrastructure and has continued this operation as long as the Mareb basin produces resources.à Nexenââ¬â¢s pipeline was constructed in response to a lack of transportation of crude across the country.à Nexen began their exploration and production in the early 1990s, which means the company, was the second company to begin production after Hunt.à Nexen created the Masila pipeline called the Ash Shihr pipeline that is 138 km long and has a capacity of 300,000 barrels per day (PEPA: ââ¬Å"Pipelines Terminalsâ⬠).à Nexen utilizes the pipeline in o rder to efficiently transport the products mined from the Masila concession area.à In both examples the pipelines were built by Hunt and Nexen and were pivotal to the development of Yemenââ¬â¢s oil production. barbaramille31http://www.blogger.com/profile/08650627542889118163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2753064655517664864.post-29790631176602117072020-03-18T08:47:00.001-07:002020-03-18T08:47:02.684-07:00How to Get a Good Job essaysHow to Get a Good Job essays First of all, if you want to get a good job you must have good education. Then, look through the advertisements and pick up the ones that suit you best. Make sure that the company you are going to apply to is reliable. Next, it is very important to have an effective CV. Keep it brief but dont forget to include all your skills, qualifications and achievements. However, great knowledge and a good CV is not enough. It is extremely important how you look and act during the interview. You should dress formally and look calm. Be aware of your body language, try to control yourself and dont show that you are nervous. Smile and keep an eye contact with the interviewers but dont act too informal. You must be very self-confidant. You should not only answer the questions but ask ones as well. You are expected to show great enthusiasm and interest in your potential future job. Anyway, you should feel the limits because employers dont like over-confidant candidates. In general, you must be aware of your abilities and have in mind that not only the interviewer is choosing a candidate but you are also choosing a place to work in. First of all, if you want to get a good job you must have good education. Then, look through the advertisements and pick up the ones that suit you best. Make sure that the company you are going to apply to is reliable. Next, it is very important to have an effective CV. Keep it brief but dont forget to include all your skills, qualifications and achievements. However, great knowledge and a good CV is not enough. It is extremely important how you look and act during the interview. You should dress formally and look calm. Be aware of your body language, try to control yourself and dont show that you are nervous. Smile and keep an eye contact with the interviewers but dont act too informal. You must be very self-confidant. You should not only answer the questi... barbaramille31http://www.blogger.com/profile/08650627542889118163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2753064655517664864.post-45900867529555778512020-03-02T00:33:00.001-08:002020-03-02T00:33:02.548-08:00Charles VII of FranceCharles VII of France Charles VIIà was also known as: Charles the Well-Served (Charles Le Bien-servi) or Charles the Victorious (le Victorieux) Charles VII was known for: Keeping France together at the height of the Hundred Years War, with notable help from Joan of Arc. Occupations: King Places of Residence and Influence: France Important Dates: Born: Feb. 22, 1403Crowned: July 17, 1429Died: July 22, 1461 About Charles VII: Charles VIIà is something of a contrary figure in French history. Though Charles served as regent for his mentally unbalanced father while still a teenager, Charles VI signed a treaty with Henry V of England that bypassed his own sons and named Henry the next king. Charles announced himself king upon the death of his father in 1422, but he was still known as the Dauphin (the French title for the heir to the throne) or the King of Bourges until he was properly crowned in Reims in 1429. He owed Joan of Arc a great debt for her aid in breaking the siege of Orleans and getting a signifcantly symbolic coronation, but he stood by and did nothing when she was captured by the enemy. Though later he worked to obtain a reversal of her condemnation, he may only have done so to justify the circumstances surrounding his achievement of the crown. Although Charles has been charged with being inherently lazy, shy and even somewhat apathetic, his councillors and even his mistresses encouraged and inspired him to deeds that would ultimately unify France. Charles succeeded in introducing important military and financial reforms that strengthened the power of the French monarchy. His conciliatory policy toward towns that collaborated with the English helped restore peace and unity to France. He was also a patron of the arts. The reign of Charles VII was significant in the history of France. Fractured and in the midst of an extended war with England when he was born, by the time of his death the country was well on its way toward the geographical unity that defines its modern boundaries. More Charles VII Resources: Charles VII in Print The links below will take you to an online bookstore, where you can find more information about the book to help you get it from your local library. This is provided as a convenience to you; neither Melissa Snell nor About is responsible for any purchases you make through these links. Charles VII(French Edition)by Michel HerubelCharles VII: Le victorieux(Les Rois qui ont fait la France. Les Valois)(French Edition)by Georges BordonoveVictorious Charles: A Ladies Man - A Biography of King Charles VII of France (1403-1461)by Caroline (Cally) Rogers Neill SehnaouiConquest: The English Kingdom of France, 1417-1450by Juliet Barker Charles VII on the Web Charles VIIVery brief bio at Infoplease.Charles VII, King of France (1403-1461)Fairly extensive biography byà Anniina Jokinen at the Luminarium.Charles VII (1403-1461) Roi de France (r.1422-1461) dit le Trà ©svictorieuxThough a bold background detracts somewhat from this amateur site, an informative biography is followed by a substantial timeline of the kings life, at the Hundred Years War Web Page.Charles, VIIThorough biography fromà World History in Contextà at the Gale Group. Medieval FranceThe Hundred Years War Chronological Index Geographical Index Index by Profession, Achievement, or Role in Society The text of this document is copyright à ©2015 Melissa Snell. You may download or print this document for personal or school use, as long as the URL below is included. Permission is not granted to reproduce this document on another website. For publication permission, pleaseà contactà Melissa Snell. The URL for this document is:http://historymedren.about.com/od/cwho/fl/Charles-VII-of-France.htm barbaramille31http://www.blogger.com/profile/08650627542889118163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2753064655517664864.post-58611753343660036192020-02-14T15:57:00.001-08:002020-02-14T15:57:04.335-08:00Regional Attitudes and American Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsRegional Attitudes and American Identity - Essay Example I actually agree with the findings in the article regarding this matter. The issue behind this is that the regional attitudes found in this region being related to what the American identity is. There are two interesting things that caught my attention regarding this matter. First, it might be interesting to note that the idea of the American identity in the southern states is actually very exclusive to culture of the earliest settlers of this area of the United States, specifically the settlers originating from Great Britain and those from Northern Europe. Any other cultural diversity from this would be viewed as an outsider and would not be completely or comfortably integrated. The second interesting fact is that southern states are not aware that the United States is actually composed of different ethnic groups that share land with but have different cultures. It is sad a note that the tendency for white supremacist thinking tends to swing towards discrimination and barbaramille31http://www.blogger.com/profile/08650627542889118163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2753064655517664864.post-19303064016666170372020-02-01T22:18:00.001-08:002020-02-01T22:18:02.940-08:00Environment degradation in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 wordsEnvironment degradation in China - Essay Example China has faced an enduring and remarkably quick economic development since its liberalization in 1978. Despite the fact that having considerably improved the lifestyle of the large part of the population, the economic progress has resulted in severe environmental predicaments, such as widespread water and air pollution, solid waste accumulation, high air pollution and water scarcity in urban areas. The situation of the environment is still deteriorating and posing, in several areas, problems to economic development. Between 1980 and 1993 urban water use soared by 350 % and industrial consumption twice over the period (World Bank, 2001)1. Demand for water has been growing at the time when several regions of China faced water scarcity, major water pollution, and reduced groundwater tables besides flood and famine damage. These factors have deteriorated the deficiency of water resources, augmented costs of water purification, and in cases where suitable infrastructure has not been present, endangered the safety of drinking water, consequently the health of the population. They also had critical impacts on the safety of industrial and agricultural manufacture and led to losses in fishing business. It is expected that the yearly economic loss from water pollution in China reaches 1.5-3 % of GDP, having more major impact than floods and famine (Chinese Academy of Engineering, 2000)2. These issues are especially severe in northern China and in the catchments of the three rivers namely Huai, Hai and Huang. These three catchments comprise around 35 % of total GDP and include the economically and politically vital Beijing-Tianjin region. Yet the major causes of water pollution are industrial wastewater release, raw municipal sewage discharge and non-point pollution from agriculture. Of late, non-point water pollution, which emanates from fertilizer and pesticide overspill, and release from intensive animal production businesses, is becoming critical and can be expected to rise even further. Quality of Surface and Coastal Water & Groundwater The chemical and organic quality of the surface water is normally low. The main pollutants are raw material from domestic and industrial sources, industrial hydrocarbons, light lubricating oil, plant nutrients and heavy metals. Bacteriological pollution is barbaramille31http://www.blogger.com/profile/08650627542889118163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2753064655517664864.post-83333322377760121352020-01-24T18:42:00.001-08:002020-01-24T18:42:03.209-08:00Music File-Sharing- Right or Wrong? Essay -- Internet File Sharing EssMusic File-Sharing- Right or Wrong? To file share or not to file share? That is the question. Should free music off the internet be legal? Who is in the right- Napster or the music industry? There are some of the topics I hoped to discuss when I invited four journalists to my house to debate the controversial issue of online music. Ding-dong! ââ¬Å"Uh-ohâ⬠, I think, wiping my hands on a paper towel. ââ¬Å"They must be here early.â⬠Itââ¬â¢s six-thirty, my guests arenââ¬â¢t due to arrive until seven, and I am already a half-hour behind. The lobsters are still boiling on the stove, the chunky potatoes are rock-hard and my spinach salad lies in pieces all over the kitchen floor. Things arenââ¬â¢t off to such a good start. I am supposed to be hosting a small, informal discussion tonight with a few journalists. The topic of the forum concerns the recent legal uproar about online music organizations such as Napster, Morpheus and Kazaa. I have invited a variety of people; some of whom have clashing opinions. I am looking forward to a heated and intellectual discussion; which will be good because I am planning on writing a book on the subject of online music. I havenââ¬â¢t decided yet whose side I am on; the music industry or the internet music providers. Hopefully, tonightââ¬â¢s discussion will provide me with some insight as to which side to stand on. Or maybe, I wonââ¬â¢t have to choose a sideâ⬠¦who knows? As I walk to the front door, I canââ¬â¢t help but feel just a little bit anxious, but excited at the same time. ââ¬Å"I wonder who it isâ⬠¦who had the nerve to be fifteen minutes early?â⬠I think to myself. I open the great oak door to find Tobey Grumet, a journalist from Popular Mechanics magazine. ââ¬Å"Howââ¬â¢s it going?â⬠he asks casually as he ... ... on the issue of online file-sharing. Each of them had to take an opinion on the subject because it is part of their job. And, for the most part, I donââ¬â¢t believe there was any kind of prior incentive to their taking one side or the other. Each of them has an extensive technological background and I think they looked at the issue pretty objectively. I learned a lot about online music from this project. I never realized what an important part of the technology community it plays. It is fun to download free music, rate it, and perhaps even discuss it with fellow music lovers. And it is convenient and thrifty to be able to check out albums before you decide to buy them. My final decision is that online music is a positive aspect of the internet that I hope, somehow, will continue to remain free and entertain music lovers through the means of the internet. barbaramille31http://www.blogger.com/profile/08650627542889118163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2753064655517664864.post-57220090242539327662020-01-16T15:05:00.001-08:002020-01-16T15:05:05.853-08:00The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner Chapters 7The house was a big, log cabin?Cstyle affair, tucked into a hol ow in the pines with no sign of any neighbors for miles around. Al the windows were black, as if the place were empty, but the whole frame was trembling from the heavy bass in the basement. Diego went in first, and I tried to move behind him like he was Kevin or Raoul. Hesitant, protecting my space. He found the stairs and charged down with a confident tread. ââ¬Å"Trying to lose me, losers?â⬠he asked. ââ¬Å"Oh, hey, Diego's alive,â⬠I heard Kevin answer with a distinct lack of enthusiasm. ââ¬Å"No thanks to you,â⬠Diego said as I slipped into the dark basement. The only light came from the various TV screens, but it was way more than any of us needed. I hurried back to where Fred had a whole couch to himself, glad that it was right for me to look anxious because there was no way to hide it. I swal owed hard as the revulsion hit, and curled up in my usual spot on the floor behind the couch. Once I was down, Fred's repel ent power seemed to ease up. Or maybe I was just getting used to it. The basement was more than half empty since it was the middle of the night. Al the kids in here had eyes the same as mine ââ¬â bright, recently fed red. ââ¬Å"Took me a while to clean up your stupid mess,â⬠Diego told Kevin. ââ¬Å"It was almost dawn by the time I got to what was left of the house. Had to sit in a cave fil ed with water al day.â⬠ââ¬Å"Go tattle to Riley. Whatever.â⬠ââ¬Å"I see the little girl made it, too,â⬠said a new voice, and I shuddered because it was Raoul. I felt a little bit of relief that he didn't know my name, but mostly I just felt horrified that he'd noticed me at al . ââ¬Å"Yeah, she fol owed me.â⬠I couldn't see Diego, but I knew he was shrugging. ââ¬Å"Aren't you the savior of the hour?â⬠Raoul said snidely. ââ¬Å"We don't get extra points for being morons.â⬠I wished Diego wouldn't taunt Raoul. I hoped Riley would come back soon. Only Riley could curb Raoul even the littlest bit. But Riley was probably out hunting dregs kids to bring to her. Or doing whatever else he did while he was away. ââ¬Å"Interesting attitude you got, Diego. You think that Riley likes you so much he's gonna care if I kil you. I think you're wrong. But either way, for tonight, he already thinks you're dead.â⬠I could hear the others moving. Some probably to back Raoul up, others just getting out of the way. I hesitated in my hiding spot, knowing I wasn't going to let Diego fight them alone, but worried about blowing our cover if it didn't come to that. I hoped Diego had survived this long because he had some crazy combat skil s. I wasn't going to have much to offer in that department. There were three members of Raoul's gang here, and some others that might help out just to get on his good side. Would Riley get home before they had time to burn us? Diego's voice was calm when he answered. ââ¬Å"You're real y that afraid to take me on alone? Typical.â⬠Raoul snorted. ââ¬Å"Does that ever work? I mean, besides in movies. Why should I take you on alone? I don't care about beating you. I just want to end you.â⬠I rol ed into a crouch, tensed to spring. Raoul kept talking. He liked the sound of his own voice a lot. ââ¬Å"But it's not gonna take al of us to deal with you. These two wil take care of the other evidence of your unfortunate survival. Little what's-her-name.â⬠My body felt icy, frozen solid. I tried to shake it off so I could fight my best. Not that it would have made a difference. And then I felt something else, something total y unexpected ââ¬â a wave of revulsion so overpowering that I couldn't hold my crouch. I crumpled to the floor, gasping with horror. I was not the only one to react. I heard disgusted snarls and retching sounds from every corner of the basement. A few people retreated to the edges of the room, where I could see them. They strained against the wal, stretching their necks away as if they could escape the horrible feeling. At least one of these was a member of Raoul's gang. I heard Raoul's distinctive growl, and then heard it fade as he took off up the stairs. He wasn't the only one to make a break for it. About half of the vampires in the basement cleared out. I didn't have that choice. I could barely move. And then I realized this had to be because I was so close to Freaky Fred. He was responsible for what was happening. And as horrible as I felt, I was stil able to realize that he'd probably just saved my life. Why? The sensation of disgust faded slowly. As soon as I could, I crept to the edge of the couch and took in the aftermath. Al of Raoul's gang was gone, but Diego was stil there, on the far end of the big room by the TVs. The vampires who remained were slowly relaxing, though everybody looked a little shaken. Most of them were shooting cautious glances in Fred's direction. I peeked at the back of his head, too, though I couldn't see anything. I looked away quickly. Looking at Fred brought back some of the nausea. ââ¬Å"Keep it down.â⬠The deep voice came from Fred. I'd never heard him speak before. Everyone stared and then looked away immediately as the revulsion returned. So Fred just wanted his peace and quiet. Wel, whatever. I was alive because of it. Most likely Raoul would get distracted by some other irritant before dawn and take out his anger on somebody close by. And Riley always came back at the end of the night. He would hear that Diego had been in his cave rather than outside and destroyed by the sun, and Raoul wouldn't have an excuse to attack him or me. At least, that was the best-case scenario. In the meantime, maybe Diego and I could come up with some plan to steer clear of Raoul. Again, I had a fleeting sense that I was missing an obvious solution. Before I could figure it out, my thoughts were interrupted. ââ¬Å"Sorry.â⬠The deep, almost silent mutter could only have come from Fred. It looked like I was the only one close enough to real y hear. Was he talking to me? I looked at him again and felt nothing. I couldn't see his face ââ¬â he had his back to me stil . He had thick, wavy blond hair. I'd never noticed that before, not with al the days I'd sat hiding in his shadow. Riley wasn't kidding when he'd said that Fred was special. Gross, but real y special. Did Riley have any idea that Fred was soâ⬠¦ so powerful? He was able to overwhelm a whole room of us in a second. Though I couldn't see his expression, I had the sense that Fred was waiting for an answer. ââ¬Å"Um, don't apologize,â⬠I breathed almost silently. ââ¬Å"Thank you. ââ¬Å" Fred shrugged. And then I found I couldn't look at him anymore. The hours passed slower than usual as I waited for Raoul to come back. From time to time I tried to look at Fred again ââ¬â to see past the protection he'd created for himself ââ¬â but I always found myself repel ed. If I tried too hard, I ended up gagging. Thinking about Fred was a good distraction from thinking about Diego. I tried to pretend I didn't care where he was in the room. I didn't look at him but focused on the sound of his breathing ââ¬â his distinct rhythm ââ¬â to keep tabs. He sat on the other side of the room from me, listening to his CDs on a laptop. Or maybe pretending to listen, the way I was pretending to read the books from the damp backpack on my shoulders. I flipped pages at my usual rate, but I didn't take anything in. I was waiting for Raoul. Luckily, Riley came first. Raoul and his cohorts were right behind him, but not as loud and obnoxious as usual. Maybe Fred had taught them a little respect. Probably not, though. More likely Fred had just angered them. I real y hoped Fred never let his guard slip. Riley went to Diego right away; I listened with my back to them, eyes on my book. In my peripheral vision, I saw some of Raoul's idiots wandering, looking for their favorite games or whatever they'd been doing before Fred had driven them out. Kevin was one of them, but he seemed to be looking for something more specific than entertainment. Several times his eyes tried to focus on where I was sitting, but Fred's aura kept him at bay. He gave up after a few minutes, looking a little sick. ââ¬Å"I heard you made it back,â⬠Riley said, sounding genuinely pleased. ââ¬Å"I can always count on you, Diego.â⬠ââ¬Å"No problem,â⬠Diego said in a relaxed voice. ââ¬Å"Unless you count holding my breath al day as a negative.â⬠Riley laughed. ââ¬Å"Don't cut it so close next time. Set a better example for the babies.â⬠Diego just laughed with him. From the corner of my eye, it seemed like Kevin relaxed some. Was he real y that worried about Diego getting him in trouble? Maybe Riley listened to Diego more than I realized. I wondered whether that was why Raoul had gotten crazy before. Was it a good thing if Diego was that in with Riley after al ? Maybe Riley was okay. That relationship didn't compromise what we had, did it? Time didn't pass any faster after the sun was up. It was crowded and unstable in the basement, like every day. If vampires could get hoarse, Riley would have lost his voice entirely from the yel ing. A couple of kids temporarily lost limbs, but nobody got torched. The music warred with the game tracks, and I was glad I didn't get headaches. I tried reading my books, but I ended up just flipping through one after the other, not caring enough to make my eyes focus on the words. I left them in a neat stack by the end of the couch for Fred. I always left my books for him, though I never could tel whether he read them. Couldn't look at him closely enough to see what, exactly, he did with his time. At least Raoul never looked my way. Neither did Kevin or any of the others. My hiding place was as effective as ever. I couldn't see if Diego was smart enough to ignore me, because I was ignoring him so thoroughly. No one could suspect that we were a team, except maybe Fred. Had Fred been paying attention as I prepared to fight alongside Diego? Even if he had, I didn't worry too much about it. If Fred felt any particular il wil toward me, he could have let me die last night. Would have been easy. It got louder as the sun started to go down. We couldn't see the light fading here underground, with al of the windows upstairs covered just in case. But waiting through so many long days gave you a good sense for when one was almost over. Kids started getting antsy, bugging Riley about whether they could go out. ââ¬Å"Kristie, you were out last night,â⬠Riley said, and you could hear the patience wearing thin in his voice. ââ¬Å"Heather, Jim, Logan ââ¬â go ahead. Warren, your eyes are dark, go along with them. Hey, Sara, I'm not blind ââ¬â get back here.â⬠The kids he shut down sulked in the corners, some of them waiting for Riley to leave so they could sneak out in spite of his rules. ââ¬Å"Um, Fred, must be about your turn,â⬠Riley said, not looking in our direction. I heard Fred sigh as he got to his feet. Everyone cringed as he moved through the center of the room, even Riley. But unlike the others, Riley smiled a little to himself. He liked his vampire with skil s. I felt naked with Fred gone. Anyone could focus on me now. I held perfectly stil, head down, doing everything in my power not to cal attention to myself. Lucky for me, Riley was in a hurry tonight. He barely paused to glare at the people who were clearly edging for the door, let alone threaten them, as he headed out himself. Normal y he'd give us some variant on the usual speech about keeping a low profile, but not tonight. He seemed preoccupied, anxious. I'd have bet he was going to see her. That made me less excited about catching up with him at dawn. I waited for Kristie and three of her usual companions to head out, and I slipped out in their wake, trying to look like part of the entourage without irritating them. I didn't look at Raoul, I didn't look at Diego. I concentrated on seeming inconsequential ââ¬â no one to notice. Just some random vampire chick. Once we were out of the house, I split off from Kristie immediately and beat it into the woods. I hoped only Diego would care enough to fol ow my scent. Halfway up the side of the nearest mountain, I made my perch in the top branches of a big spruce that cleared its neighbors by several meters. I had a pretty good view of anyone who might try to track me. Turns out I was being overcautious. Maybe I'd been too cautious al day. Diego was the only one to come looking. I saw him from a distance and backtracked to meet him. ââ¬Å"Long day,â⬠he said, giving me a hug. ââ¬Å"Your plan is hard.â⬠I hugged him back, marveling at how comfortable this was. ââ¬Å"Maybe I'm just being paranoid.â⬠ââ¬Å"Sorry about Raoul. That was close.â⬠I nodded. ââ¬Å"Good thing Fred is so disgusting.â⬠ââ¬Å"I wonder if Riley knows how potent that kid is.â⬠ââ¬Å"Doubt it. I've never seen him do that before, and I spend a lot of time around him.â⬠ââ¬Å"Wel, that's Freaky Fred's business. We have our own secret to tel Riley.â⬠I shuddered. ââ¬Å"Stil not sure that's a good idea.â⬠ââ¬Å"We won't know until we see how Riley reacts.â⬠ââ¬Å"I don't real y like not knowing, as a general rule.â⬠Diego's eyes narrowed speculatively. ââ¬Å"How do you feel about adventure?â⬠ââ¬Å"Depends.â⬠ââ¬Å"Wel, I was thinking about club priorities. You know, about finding out as much as we can.â⬠ââ¬Å"Andâ⬠¦?â⬠barbaramille31http://www.blogger.com/profile/08650627542889118163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2753064655517664864.post-26399338641799441532020-01-08T11:28:00.001-08:002020-01-08T11:28:04.448-08:00The Different Periods of Ancient Greek Art As it happened centuries later with a handful of Renaissance painters, ancient Greek art tends to be thought of in vague termsââ¬âvases, statues and architecture produced a long (unspecified) time ago. Indeed, a long time has passed between us and ancient Greece, and thinking like this is a good starting point, really. The vases, sculpture and architecture were huge innovations, and artists forever afterward owed an enormous debt to the ancient Greeks. Because so many centuries and different phases encompass ancient Greek art what well try to do rather briefly is to break it down into some manageable chunks, thus giving each period its due. Its important to know that ancient Greek art was mainly comprised of vases, sculpture and architecture, lasted around 1,600 years, and covered a number of of different periods. The Different Phases of Ancient Greek Art There were many phases from the 16th century BC until the Greeks suffered defeat at the hands of the Romans at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. The phases are roughly as follows: Mycenaean Art occurred from roughly 1550-1200 BC on the Greek mainland. Although the Mycenaean and Greek cultures were two separate entities, they occupied the same lands successively. The latter learned a few thing from the former, including how to build gates and tombs. Besides architectural explorations including Cyclopean masonry and beehive tombs, the Mycenaeans were awesome goldsmiths and potters. They raised pottery from merely functional to beautifully decorative, and segued right out of the Bronze Age into their own insatiable appetite for gold. One suspects that that the Mycenaeans were so wealthy they werent satisfied with a humble alloy.Around 1200 and the Homeric fall of Troy, the Mycenaean culture dwindled and died, followed by an artistic phase known both as Sub-Mycenaean and/or the Dark Ages. This phase, lasting from c. 1100-1025 BC, saw a bit of continuity with the previous artistic doings, but no innovation.From c. 1025-900 BC, the Proto-Geometric phase saw pottery beginning to be decorated with simple shapes, black bands, and wavy lines. Additionally, technique in the shaping of pots was being refined as well.Geometric Art has been assigned the years of 900-700 BC. Its name is utterly descriptive of the art created during this phase. Pottery decoration moved beyond simple shapes to also include animals and humans. Everything, however, was rendered with the use of simple geometric shapes.Archaic Art, from c. 700-480 BC, began with an Orientalizing Phase (735-650 BC). In this, elements from other civilizations began to creep into Greek art. The elements were those of the Near East (not exactly what we think of as the Orient now, but remember the world was a lot smaller in those days).The Archaic phase is best known for the beginnings of realistic depictions of humans and monumental stone sculptures. It was during the Archaic period that the limestone kouros (male) and kore (female) statues were created, always depicting young, nude, smiling per sons. Note: The Archaic and subsequent Classical and Hellenistic periods each contained separate Early, High, and Late phases just like the Italian Renaissance would further on down the road.Classical Art (480-323 BC) was created during a golden age, from the time Athens rose to prominence to Greek expansion and right up until the death of Alexander the Great. It was during this period that human statues became so heroically proportioned. Of course, they were reflective of Greek Humanistic belief in the nobility of man and, perhaps, a desire to look a bit like gods. They were also the result of the invention of metal chisels finally capable of working marble.Hellenistic Art (323-31 BC)ââ¬âquite like Mannerismââ¬âwent a wee bit over the top. By the time Alexander had died and things got chaotic in Greece as his empire broke apart, Greek sculptors had mastered carving marble. They were so technically perfect that they began to sculpt impossibly heroic humans. People simply do not look as flawlessly symmetrical or beautiful in real life as those sculptures portray, which may explain why the sculptures remain so popular after all these years. barbaramille31http://www.blogger.com/profile/08650627542889118163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2753064655517664864.post-12141087814393764622019-12-31T07:54:00.001-08:002019-12-31T07:54:02.663-08:00U.S History Is A Bitter Sweet Tale Of Many Triumphs And U.S history is a bitter sweet tale of many triumphs and failures. A country built on the promise of an individual s alienable rights, but practiced taking away those rights from most of its people . Slavery, though in the past it will never be forgotten, was one of the darkest times in U.S history and still is a reminder of what humans can do to each other. After decades of abuse of the African Americans people the passing of the Emancipation Proclamation made slavery illegal and set those imprisoned free. Many had to fight hard to achieve freedom and today we celebrate their accomplishments. In the book Harriet Tubman: The Road to Freedom, author Catherine Clinton provides a detailed look into the life of Harriet Tubman. Tubman lifeâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Not only does Clinton us Tubman s suffering of physical abuse during her time in slavery , but also describes Tubman s mental abuse as support for her fight against slavery. One of the hardships slaves face is how easy it wa s for a family to get separated. This was do to the buying and selling of slaves that could separate mothers and fathers from their children. Unfortunately, Harriet Tubman lost three of two of her sister when they were sold by the slave owners. Clinton states Slave parents lived in abject terror of separation from their children. This fear, perhaps more than any other aspect of the institution, revealed the deeply dehumanizing horror of slavery. (Clinton 10). One can not imagine the paranoia and pain of the buying and selling of human lives especially when it comes to those that you love most. The horror of having your children taken away from you came a reality for Tubman s mother and left a scare on Tubman for the rest of her life. She would later use her abuse to make her stronger as a person able to fight slavery and ensure this would go on no longer. In the book Harriet Tubman: The Road to Freedom Tubman s abuse is used as support by Clinton of why she would risk her own life to help other. It was 1839 Harriet Tubman finally escaped from the plantation and was free from its cruelties. Her husband at the time criticized her decision and did not join her in escaping. This may have been justified for the backlash for running away wasShow MoreRelatedPeculiarities of Euphemisms in English and Difficulties in Their Translation19488 Words à |à 78 Pagesfrequent of all reasons. Death above all, but also madness (or idiocy), disease, ruin. To pass away, be no more, leave this world, go to a better world, go west, pass over, expire, breathe ones last, fall asleep in the Lord, join the great majority, and many other phrases, instead of the simple and infinitely dignified to die; and this tendency has spread to undertakers and their functions: mortician, funeral director, obsequies, and other atrocities (Zegarac V.,2000,p.201). The need to diminish,Read MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words à |à 604 Pages(HR) management The design of formal systems in an organization to ensure the effective and efficient use of human talent to accomplish the organizational goals. As human resources have become viewed as more critical to organizational success, many organizations have realized that it is the people in an organization that can provide a competitive advantage.2 Throughout the book it will be emphasized that the people as human resources contribute to and affect the competitive success of the organizationRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words à |à 1573 Pageslikewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial barbaramille31http://www.blogger.com/profile/08650627542889118163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2753064655517664864.post-4298793083647024982019-12-23T03:40:00.001-08:002019-12-23T03:40:04.222-08:00The Need For Euthanasia Law For Nations - 2097 Words The Need for Euthanasia law for Nations Ending an individualââ¬â¢s life intentionally for the purpose of relieving the person from pain or suffering is considered as euthanasia. A good example of euthanasia is a case where a doctor opts to give a cancer patient an overdose of drugs that is supposed to make him die. Encouraging or aiding a person in committing suicide intentionally could be regarded as assisted suicide. An example could be acquiring a powerful sedative for a person who is terminally ill with the awareness that the person will certainly utilize the medication to commit suicide. There are many countries in various parts which have legalized euthanasia including but not limited to Belgium, Australia, Colombia, Netherlands, Mexico, Ireland and some states of America. Further, a number of countries have come up with policies that reinforce the practice of aiding one to die also known as mercy killing. This paper focuses on comparing the accessibility level of euthana sia in two countries, Belgium vs Australia, two countries where the practice of ââ¬Å"mercy killingâ⬠is fully recognized and legalized. Belgium Being among the countries where Euthanasia is legalized, Belgium has been known to uphold the law of mercy killing since 2002. According to the Belgian law on euthanasia, the process of mercy killing must involve at least two qualified doctors. 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Euthanasia is a Greek word, which means ââ¬Å"good death.â⬠As humans, we understand death is something we cannot avoid but having some control over death is empowering and reassuring to us. If someone is suffering from a terminal illness, intolerable pain, or in aRead MorePhysician Assisted Death For The Terminally Ill1601 Words à |à 7 Pages University Name Name of The Institute Course Title A Report on Physician assisted death for the terminally ill in US Student Name Introduction In United States, Euthanasiaà is a highly controversial subject among politicians, legislators and society members. Just the mention of this issue polarizes different groups on opposing ends as some either support it and others want to keep it illegal and unlawful(Steck, Egger, Maessen, Reisch, Zwahlen, 2013). 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Gallupââ¬â¢s study in 2013 openly shows this statistic by showing that over 75 percent of Americans trust that euthanasia should be acceptable. However, what Americans donââ¬â¢t comprehend is that making any form of euthanasia legal infringes upon the right to life as stated in the constitutionRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide1504 Words à |à 7 Pageslegalizing euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, we would provide ââ¬Å"vulnerableâ⬠patients with better overall protection and health care, give patients (who are excruciatingly suffering and have no chance of recovery) the option to end their lives before they ever needed to go through such an ordeal and giving them peace of mind, and spare the families of the patients the emotional pain of watching their loved on e slowly and painfully passing away. For these reasons, I believe that euthanasia and Physician-AssistedRead MoreIs Euthanasia A Criminal Offence?1266 Words à |à 6 PagesBy continuing to make euthanasia a criminal offence, it is making it problematic in the legal sense because although there is a lot of significant public support6 euthanasia, doctors are still being punished when they choose to help their patients with ending their lives when they choose to do so. There is a Nigerian case which involves R. v. Johnson (1961), where the presiding judge said that ââ¬Å"I accept the fact that what you did (euthanize the patient) was done without thought for yourself but outRead MoreEuthanasia Is The United States Of America861 Words à |à 4 PagesAccording to the Mariam Websterââ¬â¢s Dictionary, euthanasia is ââ¬Ëthe act or practice of killing someone who is very sick or injured in order to prevent any more suffering.ââ¬â¢ Understandably, one suffering from a terminal il lness such as AIDS, cancer, or Alzheimerââ¬â¢s, may think it best to put an end to their agony as soon as possible. Although it can be argued that there may be good intentions in carrying out this ââ¬Å"mercy killingâ⬠, they do not change the fact that euthanasia is murder and should remain illegal inRead MoreShould Euthanazia Be Legalized in Australia? Essay614 Words à |à 3 PagesEuthanasia, currently a very controversial topic of discussion throughout Australia. The question is ââ¬Å"should euthanasia be legalised, and if so who is legible to be euthanised?â⬠It is currently illegal in Australia to be euthanised, however 86% of the public agrees that euthanasia should be administered to people who are willing to if they are terminally ill, and a surprising 54% of practitioners agree also. Even though this is the case, why is it still illegal? What are the dangers of euthanasiaRead MoreEthics Are The Foundations Of Society1281 Words à |à 6 Pages dying. We must now make the decision to let others decide for themselves what we would want to decide for ourselves. It is this line of reasoning that demands the United States government legalize voluntary euthanasia to retain any shred of ethicality. Researching anything like euthanasia from an ethical perspective is always a laborious undertaking, as there are countless views and opinions held by many different scholars. It goes without mentioning that ethics are often a personal set of beliefs barbaramille31http://www.blogger.com/profile/08650627542889118163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2753064655517664864.post-63679279582264815202019-12-15T00:10:00.001-08:002019-12-15T00:10:05.873-08:00A Career in Social Work Free Essays The career that I want to pursue is social work. I enjoy talking to people, helping them with their problems, and try to make their bad days better; I already have some trained skills, which I have learned in places that I did some volunteer work in the past. I also worked babysitting children of different ages and tutored others in some basic subjects. We will write a custom essay sample on A Career in Social Work or any similar topic only for you Order Now My experience of having my own small business plus all the volunteer work in the places I mentioned above, gave me a head start by assisting individuals on a regular basis. Becoming social service worker has many responsibilities. Some of the responsibilities are getting information to provide quality services in an efficient and effective manner to people with complex needs. To be a good social service worker requires a solid foundation of training, values, knowledge, theory and skills. I was born and raised in a big city and lived n the same street with my family, until the age of twenty. My parents have been together for many years and I have 5 siblings. Growing up in the 1970ââ¬â¢s, having an abusive biological father was very difficult for my mother, my siblings and me. I felt that we were a comfortable family with all the things necessary to be happy. I was unaware that my biological father was abusive towards my mother, so was one of my brothers toward his wife. When I learned it, I was a teenager and it led for my siblings and I lean toward my grandmother and stepfather. Our families were divided by religion and the abuse. My stepfather was our pillar of support; he always encouraged all of us to get an education. I had to learn rapidly to adjust to different situations and saw that folks Just were not all bad, ecause they had faced problems in their lives. This permitted me to grow and absorb in ways other children may have never imagined, and I be certain of that because of my family, it has added a great deal of my individual strength and approval of others. I have also learned many useful skills and experiences throughout my adult life. Having a difficult time as a child myself and then being married to an abusive husband for 15 years, has given me the power and aspiration to become a Social Service Worker. It will be fulfilling a lasting vision to help persons n need no matter the emergency they may be pursuing to remedy. When I was younger I always talked about being a teacher or a social worker. As I got older and started to build my life it changed. I went from being a simple receptionist to being an office clerk, where I have to not only answer phones, but learn many other skills at administrating an office. Although I went to school for to Office administration and didnââ¬â¢t finished it, I always have the desire to serve and help others. With the determination and drive instilled in me there is no other ending but achievement and success. The one real mistake I believe we can make in life is to not learn from the errors and challenges that come our way. In fact, it is in these mistakes and trials where I have learned the most and grow into a healthier and stronger person. I still feel in my soul that my career path is in social work and now that I know what career path I will take it is up to me to make it happen. I believe that my life experiences and skills demonstrate why the field Social Service Work is best suitable for me as an education and career. Considering my strengths, I am cooperative, g natured, generous, nelptul, numble and modest and I trust others. As a professional, I am non-judgmental, not hold responsible the client for their predicaments. Even if someone hurts my feelings, I am quick to forgive and forget. These qualities are essential for me, because I am working and will work with a variety of people, healthcare professionals, clients, and others that may exhibit inflexible and difficult personalities that may be challenging to work with. Finding the right treatment or service for each client based on their needs requires a creative person. I am also particular, hard-working, organized, and, and take my responsibilities seriously. These qualities are appropriate for when I am working individually or with a team. My extroverted personality also suits my career objective as a social service worker as interaction with others is a significant portion of this kind of work. Regarding communication skills, I am talkative, assertive, sociable and active. One of my limitations is that, although I speak two languages fluently, my strong accent is not acceptable to some when it comes to interact with clients. I am vercoming this personal limitation by taking a pronunciation course over the summer as a starting point. Some of my personal talents include being interested and passionate in a selfless and courteous manner. I am capable to sustain a considerate and gentle manner, even in hectic circumstances. I have a high score for intellect, which shows that I strive to acquire and preserve my existing knowledge, which is crucial for a worthy and passionate social service worker. I am honestly concerned with other individuals and try to treat everyone with consideration and compassion. I have always had the desire to study and strive in my area of interest. When I had an opportunity in 2005 to go back to school, I was fully committed to excel in my studies. My goal is not Just to get good grades, but also to fully understand the concepts in my studies and be able to analyze them. There are many social issues in our society that I would like to personally contribute to for the improvement of society. Through learning, I was able to understand some of my own experiences from the past, and instead of taking them as a terrible lessons, I accepted them as a hallenging Journey. One of my academic goals is to keep up my above average grades. I put in enormous strength and hard effort into my studies. Upon arriving at this city, I was determined that I would spend my next two years in pursuit of new ideas and experiences. I come from a country with a rich social, cultural and ethnic variety; this helps me appreciate cultural sensitivity better as well as the clientsââ¬â¢ traditional beliefs, when working with the particular client populations. Beside English, I speak French and Spanish; knowledge of two extra languages, will become n extra asset as a social service worker. The population that I want to work the most is the elderly. Elderly clients are friendly and willingly wait for a social service worker to visit them. Most of them treat the worker as an acquaintance. Proficient detachment is required, so that I will not picture the client as a family, and to keep in mind that the objective is to help them improve their ability to do well without a lot of support. I am arranging my other areas of life around my studies, so I can entirely commit and keep up with decent grades. Success is all can see in my future. How to cite A Career in Social Work, Papers barbaramille31http://www.blogger.com/profile/08650627542889118163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2753064655517664864.post-49085585831778486052019-12-06T20:33:00.001-08:002019-12-06T20:33:03.279-08:00Rock Cycle free essay sample Rock cycle is the cycle of rock transformation which affects all rocks. The cycle involves all parts of the crust. When the rocks are subducted into the asthenosphere due to compression, the rocks melt into magma. The melting of rocks intensifies the pressure in the asthenosphere. Cracks develop. When cracks extend downward and reach the magma, the pressure of magma is released. Magma then extrudes out of the crust along the cracks to the earthââ¬â¢s surface. It results in vulcanicity. Magma cools and solidifies to form igneous rocks when rises nearer to or above the earth surface. We will write a custom essay sample on Rock Cycle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During the cooling process, crystallization takes place in magma or lava forming minerals. The accumulation of minerals forms igneous rock. When the processes of vulcanicity, cooling and solidification of magma take place in the crust, the rocks formed are called intrusive igneous rocks. Igneous rocks that are formed deep underground are called plutonic rocks and hypabyssal rocks are formed at intermediate depth below the earth surface. When the processes of vulcanicity, cooling and solidification of lava take place on the earth surface, extrusive igneous or volcanic rocks are formed.Any rocks exposed on the land surface are subject to exogenetic processes. They include commonly denudation (weathering, erosion, transportation) and deposition. With the help of denudation agents, rocks are broken down and brought downslope. Rocks formed deep underground may also be exposed eventually after the overlying rocks are removed by denudation. Weathering, physical, chemical or biological, disintegrates or decomposes larger rocks into smaller fragments or sediments which are then eroded away from their original location.When energy for transportation or erosion is lost, deposition takes place and sediments accumulate. Layers of sediments pile up by sedimentation. The rock fragments and grains are squeezed tightly during the process of compaction. Water in the spore spaces between the grains contains dissolved minerals like silica. It helps glue the grains together. After compaction and cementation, loose sediments are transformed into solid rocks by lithification. The rocks formed are called sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks can be formed chemically, organically and mechanically. For chemically formed sedimentary rocks, evaporation and precipitation of chemicals or minerals are involved. For organically formed sedimentary rocks, burying and compressing of dead living organisms are involved. For mechanically formed sedimentary rocks, sorting process is often associated during deposition. Due to great heat, when sedimentary is melted, rocks become magma again and it may cools and solidifies to form igneous rocks. Under great heat with melting or great pressure, igneous or sedimentary rocks could be metamorphosed by thermal metamorphism or dynamic metamorphism to form metamorphic rocks.Rising magma intruding into rock layers provide great heat to melt crystals which are then recrystallized into new rocks by thermal metamorphism. Internal stress accumulates along a fault or in a fold results in high pressure to make the mineral crystals in rocks realign to form new metamorphic rocks by dynamic / regional metamorphism, such rocks are usually foliated in structure. When rocks subduct into the asthenosphere, metamorphic rocks are melted to become magma and form igneous rocks or they are exposed for exogenetic processes to form sedimentary rocks. With plate movements, vulcanicity occurs, the rock cycle continues.Metamorphism at destructive boundary Source:Plate Tecctonics: An Introduction| Geologyrock, http://www. geologyrocks. co. uk/tutorials/plate_tectonics_introduction Along the destructive plate boundary, plates move towards each other due to the sinking subcrustal convection current of magma in the asthenosphere. By compressional force, subduction zone is formed when the collision involves an ocean plate. ? Compressional force also results in folding and faulting. When great pressure is produced within the crust, along the reverse fault or between the plates, it may result in dynamic metamorphism.Rocks are flattened and the minerals inside are aligned towards the plan of flattening. This creates the foliated structure in the resultant metamorphic rocks. For instance, slate (fine grained foliated metamorphic rock) transformed from shale, mudstone or siltstone (mechanically-formed secondary rocks). The intrusive vulcanicity or friction caused by crustal movement produce great heat. The zone where such heat is in contact with the surrounding rocks is called an aureole. The high temperature melts the rock crystals and they recrystallize into metamorphic rocks. barbaramille31http://www.blogger.com/profile/08650627542889118163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2753064655517664864.post-35101109339620882542019-11-29T08:35:00.001-08:002019-11-29T08:35:03.225-08:00Bernard Marx and His Social Rise Essay ExampleBernard Marx and His Social Rise Paper Bernard Marx and His Social Rise and Fall in Brave New World In this essay I will describe the social rise and fall of Bernard Marx, a character out of Aloud Huxley novel Brave New World. Particularly I will deal with the change that takes place in Bernard and how the attitude of the others towards Bernard changes. The moment he gets to know John the Savage, the son of the Director, he sees a possibility to get the attention and the respect of the others so Bernard takes John and his mother Linda to London. As soon as they arrive there suddenly everybody wants to meet and spend time with him and John. While Bernard thinks that everybody likes him now because of his discovery of John the others start talking things behind his back Like He wont find another Savage to help him out a second time. (p. 1 35 11. 27, 28). Bernard uses his new popularity to sleep with every woman he wants to and he also starts taking a lot of soma, a drug which he refused to take earlier. Consequently it seems that Bernard starts to live his life like the others use to do. He does things he used to refuse in the time he was not accepted in society. Taking everything into consideration it can be said that Barnyards acceptance in society did not hold on for a long time because he was only treated as a person of outstanding importance (p. 134 1. 15) due to the fact that the others could not meet John without spending time with Bernard. We will write a custom essay sample on Bernard Marx and His Social Rise specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Bernard Marx and His Social Rise specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Bernard Marx and His Social Rise specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer barbaramille31http://www.blogger.com/profile/08650627542889118163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2753064655517664864.post-35565175545649562612019-11-25T14:31:00.001-08:002019-11-25T14:31:02.748-08:00Is My Writing Any GoodIs My Writing Any Good The following response resulted from someone who wrote me and asked the above question: Is my writing any good? Thats a huge burden to bear . . . to tell a struggling writer whether his/her work is good. What is GOOD anyway? Its so subjective. Books that sold hundreds of thousands of copies dont strike a chord with me. Then Ill read a story I didnt want to make or break this writers self-esteem. Who am I to make that call? So I sent this writer the following response, and thought I would likewise share it with you. Is your writing any good? This isnt a yes or no question. Youd like it to be that simple, but Im wont let you off that easily. I read most of one piece you submitted to me but couldnt read more (my time is limited and very precious to me), and I see an intense desire to write, and I see a storyteller, but I see some newbie flaws to work on. No writer starts off writing well. Nobody. No first draft is good. Nobodys. Even Stephen King has an editor that beats him up. I think the first question is whether or not you want it. Do you want to be a writer? If you do, then it doesnt matter what the writing is now. It matters where you want to take it. You set a course and go there. Read how-to books . . . change your work from what you learn.Attend conferences . . . change your work from what you learn.Join a critique group . . . change your work from what you learn.Enter contests . . . change your work from what you learn. I see dialogue that is a little stilted and some stiff emotion. I see a writer writing for himself instead of the reader. But thats normal when you are striking out, attempting to find your footing. What is it you want to do with your writing? Define that and head in that direction, willing to edit your work as many times as it takes, for as long as it takes to get it right. If you want to publish now, and want to make bank on what youve written now, then it appears you arent into writing for the right reason. Anybody can write. Only a few choose (note I said choose) to write well. And it is indeed a learned craft. So, from all the books you read in the genre you want to write in, you tell me. Is your writing good? If so, submit. If not, learn how to fix it. What do you think? barbaramille31http://www.blogger.com/profile/08650627542889118163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2753064655517664864.post-47465389763004554662019-11-21T21:55:00.001-08:002019-11-21T21:55:04.258-08:00Should Prisoners Be allowed To Vote Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1Should Prisoners Be allowed To Vote - Essay Example Mark Harper, the Minister for Constitutional and Political Reform in 2010 stated that offenders who are sentenced less than four years will possess right to vote in United Kingdom. These prisoners can take active participation in European Parliament Elections. However if the judge considers this kind of participation to be inappropriate then it can be eradicated while making the sentence. In overall context though there has been new laws implemented regarding voting rights of prisoners but it still needs to be incorporated throughout the system (Rozenberg, 2011). There are judicial officials who state that such form of rights initiate leniency in custodial sentence of a prisoner. On the contrary, the term democracy indicates that every individual shall be given their fundamental rights. Right to vote is one of the basic human rights which cannot be differentiated in context of an individual or a prisoner. From 1870, law was formed that restricted a prisoner from participating in Euro pean Parliament Elections. Successive governments in United Kingdom has sustained the particular position in relation to an individual breaking societal contract followed by imprisonment, will not be considered eligible for voting in any elections. This is a logical perspective as giving equal rights to prisoners will create more chaos in a region. However living in a democracy means every individual possess basic right, irrespective of their colour, creed, race, ethnicity, etc. The justifications given by politicians or judicial authority can be contradicted by stating that an individual involved in electoral fraud can be given a sentence by court (Easton, 2009). This sentence can indicate removal of voting rights for a fixed time period. Politicians being indulged in the procedure results into irrational moves. They are not focused on crime committed by prisoners while eradicating their right to vote but politicians are more inclined towards barbaramille31http://www.blogger.com/profile/08650627542889118163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2753064655517664864.post-90887114051610393782019-11-20T17:40:00.001-08:002019-11-20T17:40:05.313-08:00Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2Entrepreneurship - Essay Example Nevertheless, over the past ten years, healthcare industry has experienced tremendous growth which has promoted and created an environment for entrepreneurship to occur in the industry (Christopher & Kaur, 2011). The entire healthcare field has therefore been affected by entrepreneurship both in positive and negative ways. The level of health care delivered in healthcare organizations have been affected by entrepreneurship in the field. New creative and innovative thoughts have been formulated in the health care industry as a result of entrepreneurial activities. On the other hand freedom of choice plus intellection freedom for both physicians and patients have been greatly hampered with due to entrepreneurship. The main focus of this paper is to describe the manner in which entrepreneurship has affected health care in the organization. It also address the positive and negative ways that entrepreneurship has affected the health care field including an example of a current entrepreneu rial business and how it has affected the way staff do their jobs or the way patients receive services. Ways in which entrepreneurship has affected health care The process of entrepreneurship has greatly affected and influenced the level of health care delivered in healthcare organizations. ... This therefore means that generally, entrepreneurship has positively affected health care field. Entrepreneurial activities have also created networks of access, social relationships and given both patients and physicians good experience in the field (Christopher & Kaur, 2011). A great transformational change in health care industry has been experienced as a result of entrepreneurship. Reduced costs of operation have been experienced in health care industry as a result of entrepreneurship. This is due to new arrivals of entrepreneurs in the field who takes over the market thus creates competition while eliminating inefficiencies such as high costs and poor services (Christopher & Kaur, 2011). Entrepreneurship has made it possible for people to shop for healthcare in the United States and other developed nations across the world. Entrepreneurs have offered consumers with information regarding medical conditions, insurance options and drug information. This information has made it easy for patients across the world to order and arrange for medication in advance. Positive and Negative Ways that Entrepreneurship has affected the health care field Positive Entrepreneurship has created more opportunities in health care rather than exploitation. This is as a result of innovation which has done away with inefficiencies in the field of healthcare. Entrepreneurship has also lead to creation of more opportunities and enabled mobilization of resources (Christopher & Kaur, 2011). Entrepreneurs are people who visualized patterns thus end up creating more opportunities beyond human thoughts. Cultural and behavioral patterns have been created by physicians while investing in them. This has created more opportunities in health care industry that no one barbaramille31http://www.blogger.com/profile/08650627542889118163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2753064655517664864.post-11918645901716157852019-11-18T17:40:00.001-08:002019-11-18T17:40:03.349-08:00The disclosure of sensitive and classified information by persons Research PaperThe disclosure of sensitive and classified information by persons currently or previously employed by or affiliated with the Uni - Research Paper Example However, these sources and not authorized disclosures of the core information. This is also because the press only releases individually and cumulatively. Just like secret intelligent actually works. But however, this is a very major issue. If one is working or has worked with United States federal government, then one should know the importance of keeping your organization secrets to yourself. Being not an ordinary citizen, you are of the key persons of the country to keep in-charge of the national security of the United States. The unauthorized disclosure of classified intelligence has always been extraordinarily been resistant to the authenticity. Though there is a committee named as Foreign Denial and Deception Committee. This organization makes an interagency effort in order to understand how other agencies get to know about and how they try to defeat the US secret intelligence activities, but then even the unauthorized disclosures of classified intelligence still seem to be a s erious problem for the US national security. Where the term classified information means the information, which at the time of violation of the US laws is, for thenational security, specifically designated by a United States Government Agency for limited rights of distribution. George Tenet ââ¬â the Director of the CIA, said in an interview about unauthorized disclosures, that they have become one of the biggest threats to the survival of the US intelligence. And definitely, what harm the wikileaks did to the US national security, no one would deny it. Though the US law states that whoever intentionally shares any kind of classified intelligence information to an unauthorized person or transmits, furnishes or publishes it in any way which leads to the benefit of any other foreign government or to the insecurity if the United States concerning the preparation or use of any code, design, construction, maintenance or repair of any device or apparatus or communication of any intelli gence activities of the United States with any foreign government shall be either fined or be imprisoned for not more than ten years, or as a punishment may be have to suffer from even both but the steps take to stop the violation of these rules must be improved in order to assure the security of the US intelligence. George England, the Acting Deputy Secretary of Defense while stating the rules and the responsibilities for the national defense of the US in his Reporting and Investigation Guide said that every civilian employee, active or reserved National Military Guard, any member, contractor or an employee of a contractor of the department of defense working with the classified material is instantly supposed to report through any security channel, any suspect disclosing the classified information to anyone. Then further actions will be taken after consulting with the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs and other officials after confirming if the information of offici ally released under a proper authority or what. Then further decisions would be made for starting an investigation by some military organization or Federal Bureau of Investigation, which will base on how accurate was the information that was disclosed, how much damage was caused to the national security by the disclosure of that information, how many people gained access to that information, if its investigation will increase the damage caused, the reasonable expectations of the barbaramille31http://www.blogger.com/profile/08650627542889118163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2753064655517664864.post-28037420157815844642019-11-16T06:12:00.001-08:002019-11-16T06:12:06.839-08:00Preventing Vomiting in Children Undergoing TonsillectomyPreventing Vomiting in Children Undergoing Tonsillectomy Efficacy of Preoperative Administration of Metoclopramide and Dexamethasone in Preventing Vomiting in Children Undergoing Tonsillectomy Shatha Abutineh Ph., Ola Samawi Ph., Lana Mattar Ph., Dr. Osama Al-Elwan, Dr. Basem Al-Kousheh Abstract Objective: To carry out a comparative study between metoclopramide and dexamethasone to find out its effect by the way of preoperative administration on the rate of postoperative emesis in children who undergoing tonsillectomy. Patients and Methods: Ninety patients between the age of 3-14 years who planned for tonsillectomy were enrolled in our study. Patients were randomly divided into three main groups: Group I: In which children received Dexamethasone injection with a dose of 0.15 mg/kg IV (n = 30). Group II: In which children received Metoclopramide injection with a dose of 0.15 mg/kg IV (n = 30). Group III: In which children received 4 ml saline (n = 30). All episodes of Postoperative vomiting were recorded Results: There were no significant differences between these three main groups of patients regarding the age, sex, weight, type of surgery, duration of surgery and duration of anesthesia. The incidence of vomiting throughout the initial four hours (0-4 hours) was not wasnt considerably different between the three groups, three patients (10%) in the dexamethasone group compared with 3 patients (10%) in the metoclopramide group and 4 patients (13%) in the saline group (P < 0.05). The incidence of vomiting during (4-24 hours) was more frequent in the saline group, 8 patients (27%) developed vomiting (P < 0.001). Only three (10%) patients in the metoclopramide group vomited during this period compared with 6 patients (20%) in the dexamethasone group Conclusion: Metoclopramide found to be more effective than dexamethasone in preventing vomiting in children undergoing tonsillectomy. Key words: Dexamethasone, Metoclopramide, Tonsillectomy. Introduction Tonsillectomy is considered one of the foremost performed surgical procedures in pediatric age group with a reported rate of postoperative vomiting ranging between 40%-73% (1-3).The rate of postoperative emesis is found to be higher in pediatric patients than in adults who undergo tonsillectomy (4). Patients often perceive Postoperative nausea and vomiting as one of the foremost bothering side effects of anesthesia and many believe about it as distressing as the pain related to the operation (5). Postoperative nausea and vomiting can contribute to the event of medical complications (6,7), and patients with Postoperative nausea and vomiting consume a lot of resources and need extra health care skilled time compared with patients in whom these complications square measure avoided. Metoclopramide is often used as prophylactic medicine in these patients to prevent vomiting. However, its use is restricted by low efficiency and the chance and risk of unwanted adverse effects, such as extrapyramidal symptoms (8). Dexamethasone is considered to be a steroid of low price, with low rate of adverse effects, prolonged anti vomiting effect in cancer patients, and highly effective in reducing the rate of postoperative vomiting in kids who undergo tonsillectomy (8). However, their actual mechanism in preventing nausea or vomiting continues to be unknown. The aim of our study is to carry out a comparative study between metoclopramide and dexamethasone to find out its effect by the way of preoperative administration on the rate of postoperative emesis in children who undergoing tonsillectomy. Material and Methods Ninety patients of both genders, aged 3-14 years who planned for tonsillectomy were enrolled in the study. The exclusion criteria were, all Children who received steroids, antiemetic and antihistamine drugs twenty four hours prior to surgery. Patients were randomly divided into three main groups: Group I: In which children received Dexamethasone injection with a dose of 0.15 mg/kg IV (n = 30). Group II: In which children received Metoclopramide injection with a dose of 0.15 mg/kg IV (n = 30). Group III: In which children received 4 ml saline (n = 30). The drugs were administered i.v immediately before induction of anesthesia. Patients were instructed to fast from midnight and without giving them any premedication. All the operations were performed by one surgeon using the cold dissection method. The bleeding was controlled by cauterization using bipolar diathermy. All patients were transferred after surgery to the recovery room first before they transferred to the ward. After being transferred to the floor, a soft food was given to all patients throughout their hospital stay. In addition to that, all patients had given a maintenance intra venous fluid until adequate oral intake was achieved. All attacks of Postoperative vomiting were reported by nurses who do not know about the study group during the first 4 hours and 4-24 hours after the end of general anesthesia. We defined Vomiting as expulsion of the contents of stomach through the mouth; and complete response was defined as absence of Postoperative vomiting without a need for antiemetic. Antiemetic was given when there are 2 or more attacks of Postoperative vomiting in the first 24 hours after general anesthesia. Results: 90 patients (30 per group) were included in the study. There were no significant differences between these three main groups of patients regarding the age, sex, weight, type of surgery, duration of surgery and duration of anesthesia. (Table 1). Table 1: Demographic characteristics of patients in their respective group. Characteristics Group I (n = 30) Group II (n = 30) Group III (n = 30) Age (yr) 4.9 à ± 3.1 4.8 à ± 3.2 4.6 à ± 3.2 Weight (kg) 19.7 à ± 5.7 20.6 à ± 5.5 20.1 à ± 5.3 Sex (male/female) 19/11 20/10 18/12 Type of surgery Tonsillectomy -Adenotonsillectomy 8 22 6 24 6 24 Duration of surgery (min) 17.8 à ± 3.7 16.6 à ± 4.2 18.1 à ± 3.5 Duration of anesthesia (min) 35.1 à ± 6.3 36.2 à ± 5.3 36.2 à ± 6.1 No significant difference were found between these three groups in regard to the incidence of post operative vomiting in first 4 hours (0-4 hours), three patients (10%) in the dexamethasone group compared with 3 patients (10%) in the metoclopramide group and 4 patients (13%) in the saline group (P < 0.05). The incidence of vomiting during (4-24 hours) was more frequent in the saline group, 8 patients (27%) developed vomiting (P < 0.001). Only three (10%) patients in the metoclopramide group vomited during this period compared with 6 patients (20%) in the dexamethasone group. Thus Emesis-free within the first 24 hours was achieved significantly more often in patients who had received metoclopramide than in those who had received dexamethasone or placebo (saline). Discussion Complications of tonsillectomy in children are not uncommon and include pain which may result in poor oral intake, dehydration, vomiting, infection, fever and bleeding. Tonsillectomy using bipolar method has been used because of the advantage that it decreases the time of operation and it thus reduce the risk of immediate postoperative bleeding (9). However, bipolar dissection method may result in more postoperative pain (9). The mechanism of action of dexamethasone as an antiemetic is by antagonizing the prostaglandin, inhibit release of tryptophan and endorphins (10-13). These therapeutic effects of dexamethasone leaded to common use of it in children undergoing tonsillectomy. Many medications have been used in order to prevent post operative vomiting (14). The ideal drug to be used should have a good efficacy, little adverse effects and cheap (14,15) . The action of metoclopramide is mainly facilitating the release of acetylcholine. This action may be mediated by many different mechanisms. The antiemetic and nausea inhibitory effects of metoclopramide are related to its central dopaminergic effects (8). Metoclopramide in high doses was found to be very effective in decreasing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. In very low doses it frequently used to treat nausea and vomiting (8). The aim of using these low doses is to decrease central pyramidal and sedative effects which are found to be more common in children than adults. The efficacy of lower doses of metoclopramide in preventing post operative nausea and vomiting is very variable (8). Because of the short half-life of metoclopramide, it is unlikely to produce any antiemetic effect in the recovery period if administered during induction of anesthesia (8,16). Different reports have studied the benefit of administration of 10 mg metoclopramide in adult patients (17). Several studies regarding the effect of a single preoperative I.V dose of steroid on the morbidity of tonsillectomy has been reported different results (18,19). Many reports have found that preoperative administration of a single dose of I.V steroid have reduced the postoperative pain, emesis with an earlier return to normal oral intake feeding (20-22).On other hand another different studies have found no significant differences (23). However, in our study only three (10%) patients in the metoclopramide group vomited during 4-24 hour period compared with 6 patients (20%) in the dexamethasone group and 8 patients (27%) in the saline group. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the three groups in regard to the incidence of vomiting during the first four hours. Conclusion Metoclopramide found to be more effective than dexamethasone in preventing vomiting in children undergoing tonsillectomy. References 1. Litman RS, Wu CL, et al. Ondansetron reduces vomiting after tonsillectomy in children. Anesth Analg. 1994 Mar;78(3):478-81 2. Furst SR, et al. Prophylactic antiemetic treatment with ondansetron in children undergoing tonsillectomy. Anesthesiology, 81 (1994), pp. 799-803 3. Ferrari LR, et al. Metoclopramide reduces the incidence of vomiting after tonsillectomy in children. Anesth Analg, 75 (1992), pp. 351-354 4. Rose JB, et al. Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Pediatric Patients. British Journal of Anaesthesia1999;83:104 -117. 5. Ledesma MJS, et al. A comparison of three antiemetic combinations for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg. 2002 Dec;95(6):1590-5. 6. Celiker V, et al. Minimum effective dose of dexamethasone for preventing nausia and vomiting after adenotonsillectomy. J Ankra medical school 2003; 25(1):21-25. 7. Schumann R, et al. Massive subcutaneous emphysema and sudden airway compromise after postoperative vomiting. Anesth Analg 1999; 89: 796-797. 8. Olutoye O, et al. Management of postoperative vomiting in pediatric patients. Int Anesthesiol Clin 2003;41:99-117. 9. Weimert TA, et al. Electro dissection tonsillectomy. Arch Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery 1990; 116:186-8. 10. Rich W, et al. Methylprednisolone as an antiemetic during cancer chemotherapy: a pilot study. Gynecol Oncol. 1980;9:193-198 11. Harris AL. Cytotoxic-therapy-induced vomiting is mediated via enkephalin pathways. Lancet 1982;1:714-6. 12. Young SN. Mechanism of decline in rat brain 5-hydroxytryptamine after induction of liver tryptophan pyrrolase by hydrocortisone: roles of tryptophan catabolism and kynurenine synthesis. British Journal Pharmacology. 1981 Nov;74(3):695-700 13. Sagar S. The current role of antiemetic drugs in oncology: a recent revolution in patient symptom control. Cancer Treatement Revion 1991;18:95-135. 14. Apfel CC, et al. How to study postoperative nausea and vomiting. Acta Anaesthesiol Scandaneivia, 2002; 46:921-928. 15. Watcha MF Management of postoperative vomiting in pediatric patients. Current Opinion Anaesthesia, 2003; 16:575-583. 16. Scuderi PE. Pharmacology of antiemetics. Int Anesthesiol Clin, 2003; 41:41-66. 17. Gan TJ, Meyer T, Apfel CC et al Consensus guidelines for managing postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesthesia Analgesia, 2003; 97:62-71. 18. Heatley DG. Perioperative intravenous steroid treatment and tonsillectomy. Archives of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery. 2001; 127:1007-1008. 19. Shott SR. Tonsillectomy and postoperative vomiting: do steroids really work? Archives of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery. 2001; 127:1009-1010. 20. Vosdoganis F et al (1999). The effect of single dose IV dexamethasone in tonsillectomy in children. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 27 489-492 21. Catlin FI, et al. The effect of steroid therapy on recovery from tonsillectomy in children. Archives of Otolaryngoogyl Head Neck Surgery. 1991;117(6):649-52. 22. Volk MS, et al. The effects of pre operative steroids on tonsillectomy patients. Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery. 1993; 109:26-30. 23. Ohlms LA, et al. Use of intra operative steroids in pediatric tonsillectomy. Arch Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery. 1995; 121:737-742. barbaramille31http://www.blogger.com/profile/08650627542889118163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2753064655517664864.post-28470654937728200142019-11-13T18:42:00.001-08:002019-11-13T18:42:03.285-08:00The Japanese Attempt to Erase Korean Culture, History and Identity :: Japanese History Korea Japan EssaysEven though none of my relatives were killed or tortured by the Japanese, I am still afraid. I am afraid that my vicarious wounds still linger inside me, affecting everything I do. I know that they destroyed our cultural and spiritual circle that we maintained for five thousand years. They just had to leave a natural trace that actually became part of us. I don't know if I should hate them. It is ignorantly and unwittingly buried deeply in our unconsciousness. Natural hatred and attraction, like two inseparable sides of a coin, had confused me for so long. Because the scar still remains unhealed and too painful to ignore, and because I hesitate to hate what's part of me. Broken wings were all over the country. They were forced to tear their skin and delicate white feathers off, replacing them with acute and heavy pebbles that filled their lives with sharp pain and humiliation. It all came too naturally. My childhood desk was decorated with cute dolls in red kimonos, a gift from my father, and pictures that I took with Jini. Affectionately-spoken Japanese often filled my house, enabling me to learn some of the foreign words gradually. Kawai, kawai, Jae san wa kawai. I blinked my eyes and laughed a ticklish and bright child's laughter at what my grandma said to me. What does it mean, grandma? A calm, peach colored smile blossomed on grandmother's face. It means very, very, adorable. Another warm smile and a soft pat on my head. Kawai. I recited the word carefully while grandma and mom were having a short conversation in Japanese. In downtown Kyoto, Japan, there lies a small stone monument at the spot where the ears of Koreans taken to Japan during one of its invasions in 1592 were buried. Japan has invaded Korea numerous times in known history, but when it invaded in 1592, Japanese soldiers were known to have cut off the ears of Koreans they either killed or wished to humiliate. One Japanese scholar suggests that later Japanese regimes came to value noses over ears because, somehow, cutting off noses sounds more cruel" (Lee). Koreans love everything from Japan. On cafà © tables in Ap-Guh-Juhn-Dong, the Beverly Hills of Korea, Japanese fashion magazines lay arrogantly. Sony and PlayStation products are sold fiercely in electronics markets. Some Koreans even say that we should admire Japan for their economic success, technology, and lifestyle. Only when it comes to history do they go hysterical and anti-Japan, remembering repeated attempts at invasion until the Japanese finally succeeded in 1910. barbaramille31http://www.blogger.com/profile/08650627542889118163noreply@blogger.com0